[Pain relief after abdominal oncologic surgery. Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine].

Objective: Evaluation of the analgesic, opioid-sparing, anti-inflammatory and adverse effects of the diclofenac and orphenadrine (Neodolpasse) fixed combination for analgesia in the postoperative period of surgical cancer patients.

Material And Methods: A randomized, single-center, prospective, comparative study evaluated two analgesic regimens in 40 cancer patients undergoing various open cavity surgeries, including extensive combined interventions associated with the resection of 3 or more organs. The study was conducted following the transfer from the ICU to the surgical department during the early activation period, within the first two postoperative days.

Evaluation and selection of indicators for land degradation and desertification monitoring: types of degradation, causes, and implications for management.

Indicator-based approaches are often used to monitor land degradation and desertification from the global to the very local scale. However, there is still little agreement on which indicators may best reflect both status and trends of these phenomena. In this study, various processes of land degradation and desertification have been analyzed in 17 study sites around the world using a wide set of biophysical and socioeconomic indicators.

Evaluation and selection of indicators for land degradation and desertification monitoring: methodological approach.

An approach to derive relationships for defining land degradation and desertification risk and developing appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of the various land management practices using indicators is presented in the present paper. In order to investigate which indicators are most effective in assessing the level of desertification risk, a total of 70 candidate indicators was selected providing information for the biophysical environment, socio-economic conditions, and land management characteristics. The indicators were defined in 1,672 field sites located in 17 study areas in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

The use of artrofoon in the therapy of disorders of the paraarticular apparatus.

In 30 patients with periarthritis of the shoulder joint, therapy with artrofoon relives pain and increases movement range; these effects were comparable with those produced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory preparations. No changes in blood, urine, and ECG parameters were noted. No side effects requiring artrofoon withdrawal were recorded.

Genetic evidence for three unique components in primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis.

In higher plants, cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by the cellulose synthase (CESA) complex. The catalytic core of the complex is believed to be composed of three types of CESA subunits. Indirect evidence suggests that the complex associated with primary wall cellulose deposition consists of CESA1, -3, and -6 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

[Periarthritis of the shoulder joint: variants of the course and treatment with artrofoon].

Aim: To compare efficacy of shoulder joint periarthritis (SJP) treatment with artrofoon vs non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).

Material And Methods: SJP patients of the study group (12 males, 18 females, mean age 59.4 +/- 8.

Characterization of synthetic hydroxyproline-rich proteoglycans with arabinogalactan protein and extensin motifs in Arabidopsis.

A series of gene constructs encoding synthetic glycomodule peptides with N-terminal signal sequences and C-terminal green fluorescent proteins were expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) under the control of the 35S promoter. The synthetic glycomodule peptides were composed of repetitive proline-containing motifs that have been previously found to be substrates for prolyl hydroxylases and subsequent O-glycosylation of the hydroxyproline residues. All of the constructs were secreted in aerial tissues, but not in roots.

[Structure of osteoarthrosis diseases and the problem of concomitant diseases].

Aim: To study pattern of osteoarthrosis (OA) morbidity, OA age and gender characteristics; to analyse affection of the para-articular tissues in gonarthrosis (GA), GA concomitant diseases in outpatient settings.

Material And Methods: OA detection and concomitant diseases were studied in the outpatient department with computer informative system. ICD (10 revision) was used in classification.

Mechanism of the effect of postresuscitation changes in the brain on the dynamics of extinction of orientation and exploratory response in rats.

The type of open-field behavior (determined in preliminary tests) was preserved after 10-min circulatory arrest. Postresuscitation changes in the bran modified orientation and exploratory activity under conditions of its partial extinction before clinical death. High behavioral activity of rats in the first open-field session after resuscitation was related to the impairment of memory traces, while that in the follow-up period was associated with the formation of a pathological self-maintaining system between components of orientation and exploratory behavior.

Active and passive behavior of animals during the postresuscitation period.

Behavioral reactions (open-field test, elevated plus-maze, pain stress, and feeding behavior) were studied in various periods after clinical death caused by circulatory arrest for 10 or 15 min. We revealed two different phases of behavioral changes: active behavior directed at attaining a specific goal and passive behavior directed towards isolation of the organism from external signals and functional minimization. Active behavior determined by pathological excitation in the central nervous system increased the severity of structural damage to hippocampal CA1 neurons during the postresuscitation period.

Effect of noopept and afobazole on the development of neurosis of learned helplessness in rats.

We studied the effects of new psychotropic preparations noopept and afobazole on acquisition of the conditioned active avoidance response and development of neurosis of learned helplessness in rats. Noopept in doses of 0.05-0.

Theory of functional systems and human general pathology.

We analyze the role of the theory of functional systems for human general pathology and the necessity of integration of this theory with the concepts of pathological and ambivalent systems. Multiple (qualitatively heterogeneous) nature of system-forming factors and principle possibility of the formation of physiological, pathological, and ambivalent systems by the same factors are discussed. These theses broaden the application of the theory of functional systems as the fundamental basis for studies of informational mechanisms of vital activity under normal and pathological conditions.

[Psychosomatic and mental pathology as essential and interrelated parts of general human pathology].

The authors suggest extending the list of conventionally studied general pathological processes with psychosomatic and mental variants of pathology. These variants are relatively new in respect to evolution, are characteristic only for man and, in much lesser degree, for higher animals and have gained recognition in the last 50-100 years by defining the modern specificity of the nosological principle in medicine. The analysis of psychosomatic and psychic aspects of diseases may be of key importance for further development of general human pathology as a science.

Neurosis of acquired helplessness and role of hypoxia in the formation of this disorder in rats.

Acquisition of instrumental defense response with pain reinforcement uncertainty (25% reinforcement) induced the development of acquired helplessness in 50% rats. Acquired helplessness is characterized by the absence of responses to conditioned (light) and unconditioned stimuli (pain), minor response of plasma corticosterone to learning, gas markers of circulatory cerebral hypoxia (Delta A/V pO2 carotid artery/jugular vein), low sensitivity to severe hypobaric conditions, and high resistance of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Piracetam improved learning and prevented the development of acquired helplessness.

[Dynamic changes in synovitis activity after intra-articular administration of xefocam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (according to clinical and device examinations)].

Aim: To assess efficacy of intraarticular administration of lornoxicam (xefocam) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Material And Methods: Xefocam was injected into the knee joints of 58 patients with RA once a week for 3 weeks in a dose 8 mg. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by changes in the severity of arthralgias, pain in the joints at palpation, circumference of the knee joints at the level of the upper edge of the patella, ultrasound and thermography of the knee joints.

Mechanisms of adaptation to flow reactions in rats after systemic blood arrest.

The rats survived 10- or 15-min systemic blood flow arrest were exposed to various extreme factors within the following 2 months. It was found that the processes leading to functional isolation of CNS play a protective role: they moderate behavioral response to acute stress and alleviate the degree of neuron damage induced by long-term stress during acquisition of a complex food-procuring reflex.

[Diseases of civilization and a nosological principle of medicine in terms of general pathology].

The last 100-150 years are marked by the spread of so-called "diseases of civilization" (primarily psychosomatic and mental diseases) which earlier have been encountered rarely. These diseases present quite novel pathogenic factors, adaptation to which in the course of evolution is lacking. Development of civilization constantly stimulates the emergence of numerous qualitatively new pathogenic factors, on the one hand, and changes the conditions for impact of conventional factors, on the other hand.

[Evaluation of the role of the adaptive result in the theory of the functional systems].

The fundamental of the theory of the functional systems, i.e., the concept of the useful adaptive result as a universal system-forming factor is considered.

[The theory of functional systems and purposeful behavior].

The role of probability forecasting in the purposive behavior under conditions of subjective uncertainty is considered in terms of the theory of functional systems. Participation of the probability forecasting in the afferent synthesis, goal formation, formation of the acceptor of action result and action program, and, finally, in the action program actualization is substantiated. The model of behavior under conditions of subjective uncertainty is advanced.

Subjective uncertainty, purposeful behavior, and theory of functional systems.

Neglect of probability prognosis orients the theory of functional systems to description of rigidly determined forms of behavior (congenital behavior, frontal syndrome, etc.). The authors suggest an original concept for analysis of behavior under conditions of subjective uncertainty based on probability estimations.

Effect of early fasciotomy on intramuscular pressure and electrical excitability of muscles in experimental compartment syndrome.

Experiments on rabbits with compartment syndrome of the leg showed that the main pathogenetic factors of muscle injury are postischemic contracture leading to extravascular microcirculatory disorders and tissue necrosis(early postcompression period) and progressive subfascial edema (18 h-4 days). Therapeutic effect of fasciotomy in the early period consists in restoration of bloodflow due to relaxation of contracted muscles and in the late period in decompression of edematous muscles and prevention of secondary ischemia. Fasciotomy through a small section does not lead to sufficient relaxation of rigid muscles and does not essentially increase the subfascial volume.

Role of volume-conductor properties of muscles in the formation of evoked contractions during stimulating electrical impedance myography.

Experiments on the preparation of frog sartorius muscle showed that electrical impedance myogram of evoked muscle contractions is the sum of electric processes accompanying contraction of some muscle fibers or muscle regions. Inverted muscle response probably results from heterotopic excitation of distant muscle regions under conditions of reduced excitability of muscle fibers adjacent to the electrode. During centrifugal propagation of contractions, especially in altered muscles, the negative wave on the myogram corresponding to impedance decrease is sometimes followed by a positive wave.