Encephalopsin (OPN3) is required for normal refractive development and the GO/GROW response to induced myopia.

Purpose: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common form of refractive error and is increasing in prevalence. While significant efforts have been made to identify genetic variants that predispose individuals to myopia, these variants are believed to account for only a small portion of the myopia prevalence, leading to a feedback theory of emmetropization, which depends on the active perception of environmental visual cues. Consequently, there has been renewed interest in studying myopia in the context of light perception, beginning with the opsin family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).

Tokishakuyakusan, a Kampo medicine, attenuates endometriosis-like lesions and hyperalgesia in murine with endometriosis-like symptoms.

Problem: How are the effects of Tokishakuyakusan (TSS), a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) on murine endometriosis model?

Methods: BALB/c mice were used for making the murine endometriosis model. Homogeneous uterus was surgically implanted with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in peritoneal cavity. We administered 2 weeks of TSS (1.

New insights into the efficacy of SR-16234, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on the growth of murine endometriosis-like lesions.

Problem: To evaluate the effects of SR-16234 (SR), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), on murine endometriosis-like lesions.

Method Of Study: BALB/c mice (n = 53) were used to establish the murine endometriosis model. Ovariectomized, estradiol replaced, 6-week-old murine endometriosis model were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without SR (1 mg/kg/d) or vehicle, over a period of 4 weeks.

Inhibition of IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) proteins represses inflammatory status via nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in murine endometriosis lesions.

Problem: How is the role of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) in the development of murine endometriosis lesions?

Method Of Study: BALB/c female mice (n = 36) were used for the murine endometriosis model. Endometriotic lesions were surgically induced in mice by transplanting mouse uterine tissue. After 4 weeks of IAP antagonist (BV6) treatment, the expression of inflammatory factors in the implants was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR.

Lipopolysaccharide promotes the development of murine endometriosis-like lesions via the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.

Problem: Is lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involved in the development of endometriosis?

Method Of Study: BALB/c mice (n=69) were used for the murine endometriosis model. Mice with surgically induced endometriosis were injected with LPS intraperitoneally. After 4 weeks of LPS injections with or without the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, the extent of endometriosis-like lesions was evaluated.

The Impact of Adenomyosis on Women's Fertility.

Until recently, adenomyosis has been associated with multiparity, not impaired fertility. Currently, adenomyosis is diagnosed with increasing frequency in infertile patients since women delay their first pregnancy until their late 30s or early 40s. Although an association between adenomyosis and infertility has not been fully established, based on the available information, recent studies suggested that adenomyosis has a negative impact on female fertility.

Clinical management of endometriosis-associated infertility.

Endometriosis is a common chronic benign disease that affects reproductive age women and causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility are unknown, and precise standards of management have not yet been established. Medical and surgical treatments for endometriosis have different effects on the chance of conception, either spontaneously or via assisted reproductive technologies (ART).