Associations between accurate measures of adiposity and fitness, blood proteins, and insulin sensitivity among South Asians and Europeans.

Objective: South Asians (SAs) may possess a unique predisposition to insulin resistance (IR). We explored this possibility by investigating the relationship between 'gold standard' measures of adiposity, fitness, selected proteomic biomarkers, and insulin sensitivity among a cohort of SAs and Europeans (EURs).

Methods: A total of 46 SAs and 41 EURs completed 'conventional' (lifestyle questionnaires, standard physical exam) as well as 'gold standard' (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and insulin suppression test) assessments of adiposity, fitness, and insulin sensitivity.

An exploratory analysis of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk calculations in veterans with spinal cord injury and disorders.

Objectives: (1) To describe and compare cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease risk scores using three existing risk calculators: Framingham Risk Score (FRS), American Heart Association (AHA) and Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MSSS) in Veterans with spinal cord injury and disorders (SCI/D); (2) To examine level of agreement between risk scores derived from three different risk scoring systems; and (3) To investigate whether the agreement among these methods is different for Veterans with Tetraplegia versus Paraplegia.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Electronic medical records of 194 Veterans with SCI/D who were seen at the VAPAHCS SCI/D Center between August 2004 and June 2022 were reviewed.

The Genetic Diversity of White-Backed Planthoppers () between Myanmar and Yunnan Province of China.

In order to clarify the migration route and the source of white-backed planthopper (WBPH) () between Myanmar and Yunnan Province, China, we collected six populations throughout Myanmar and five populations around the border areas in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 790 base pairs in the mtDNA COI genes from 416 individuals were obtained. A total of 43 haplotypes were identified, among which 37 were unique haplotypes, and the remaining 6 were shared among different populations.

A Nonexercise Estimate of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Using a Symptom Questionnaire and Clinical Variables.

Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has recently been recognized as a risk factor for mortality, but it is not routinely measured in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to assess a nonexercise method to estimate CRF (eCRF) and its association with mortality in a clinically referred population.

Methods: A symptom tool, termed the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), and nonexercise clinical variables were obtained from 1545 clinically referred subjects (60 ± 13 yr), and followed for a mean of 5.

Optimizing HIV Services for Key Populations in Public-Sector Clinics in Myanmar.

Key populations, ie, female sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people, people who inject drugs, and people in prisons and other closed settings, experience stigma, discrimination, and structural barriers when accessing HIV prevention and care. Public health facilities in Myanmar became increasingly involved in HIV service delivery, leading to an urgent need for healthcare workers to provide client-centred, key population-friendly services. Between July 2017-June 2018, the Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports and National AIDS Programme collaborated with ICAP at Columbia University and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to implement a quasi-experimental, multicomponent intervention including healthcare worker sensitization training with pre- and post- knowledge assessments, healthcare worker and client satisfaction surveys, and structural changes.

Modest Gains After an 8-Week Exercise Program Correlate With Reductions in Non-traditional Markers of Cardiovascular Risk.

Although engaging in physical exercise has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events, the molecular mechanisms by which exercise mediates these benefits remain unclear. Based on epidemiological evidence, reductions in traditional risk factors only accounts for 50% of the protective effects of exercise, leaving the remaining mechanisms unexplained. The objective of this study was to determine whether engaging in a regular exercise program in a real world clinical setting mediates cardiovascular protection via modulation of non-traditional risk factors, such as those involved in coagulation, inflammation and metabolic regulation.

Effect of a Home-Based Exercise Program on Indices of Physical Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) exhibit muscle wasting and impaired physical function which can be reversed with regular exercise, but accessibility to exercise programs for this unique population is lacking. We assessed the efficacy of a home-based exercise program on a broad range of indices of physical function, quality of life (QoL), and cognitive decline in patients with MHD.

Design And Methods: Twenty-eight MHD patients, mean age 66 ± 7 years, were randomized to a 12-week home-based, case-managed aerobic and resistance exercise program or to usual care (13 exercise and 15 usual care).

Association of physical function and performance with peak VO in elderly patients with end stage kidney disease.

Background: Physical function is impaired in end stage renal disease (ESRD). Various instruments have been used to assess the functional capabilities and health status of patients with ESRD, but it is not known which has the best association with peak VO.

Aims: To assess the association between functional measures in ESRD.

Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Population-Attributable Risk.

Objective: To determine population-attributable risk (PAR) and exposure impact number (EIN) for mortality associated with impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical inactivity, and other risk markers among veteran subjects.

Methods: The sample included 5890 male subjects (mean age 58±15) who underwent a maximal exercise test for clinical reasons between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2014. All-cause mortality was the end point.

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and incidence of atrial fibrillation.

Background: The interaction between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the interaction between obesity and incidence of AF have been explored separately. Therefore, we evaluated the association between CRF, body mass index (BMI), and risk of developing AF in a cohort of middle-aged and older US Veterans.

Methods: Symptom limited exercise tests (ETT) were conducted among 16,397 Veterans (97% male) from January 9,1987 to December 31,2017.

Physical Performance Testing in Kidney Transplant Candidates at the Top of the Waitlist.

Rationale & Objective: Frailty and poor physical function are associated with adverse kidney transplant outcomes, but how to incorporate this knowledge into clinical practice is uncertain. We studied the association between measured physical performance and clinical outcomes among patients on kidney transplant waitlists.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer in men with cardiovascular disease: Analysis from the Veterans Exercise Testing Study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease and cancer share similar risk factors and are the leading causes of death worldwide. This study aimed to assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness, cancer incidence and cancer mortality in men with cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (treadmill exercise test) was assessed in 565 men aged 58.

A randomized controlled trial of exercise to prevent muscle mass and functional loss in elderly hemodialysis patients: Rationale, study design, and baseline sample.

Background: Elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients exhibit muscle wasting and impaired physical function. This trial determines whether MHD patients benefit from a 12-week home-based exercise program, protein supplementation, or both.

Design: and Methods: This is a randomized, blinded controlled trial involving 60 elderly MHD patients with impaired exercise capacity and function.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Care Costs in Diabetes: The Veterans Exercise Testing Study.

Background: This study aimed to determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and healthcare expenditures among individuals with and without diabetes.

Methods: Health care costs were quantified among 3924 consecutive men (mean age 58 ± 11 years) referred for a maximal exercise test, and compared according to presence (n = 2457) and absence (n = 1467) of diabetes and fitness. Fitness was classified into 4 categories based on age-stratified quartiles of peak metabolic equivalents: least-fit (5.

PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise (PAUSE): Rationale and trial design.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) currently claims nearly one million lives yearly in the US, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths. Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for the largest number of these deaths. While efforts aimed at treating CAD in recent decades have concentrated on surgical and catheter-based interventions, limited resources have been directed toward prevention and rehabilitation.

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and health care costs: The Veterans Exercise Testing Study.

Background/objective: Obesity is a chronic disease, a risk factor for other chronic conditions and for early mortality, and is associated with higher health care utilization. Annual spending among obese individuals is at least 30% higher vs. that for normal-weight peers.

Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Care Costs: The Veterans Exercise Testing Study.

Objective: To determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and annual health care costs in Veterans.

Patients And Methods: The sample included 9942 subjects (mean age, 59±11 years) undergoing a maximal exercise test for clinical reasons between January 2005 and December 2012. Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as a percentage of age-predicted peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved, was categorized in quartiles.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer incidence in men.

Purpose: The preventive role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in cancer is not well established. The present study sought to evaluate the association between CRF and cancer incidence in men.

Methods: Maximal exercise testing was performed in 4920 men (59.

In vitro production of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus with enhanced insecticidal activity using a genotypically defined virus inoculum.

Defective virus accumulations during baculovirus passages in insect cell culture are impediments to large scale baculovirus production. A genotypically defined virus inoculum comprises of stable genotypes was proposed for production of a Thailand isolated SeMNPV in Se-UCR1 insect cells. Targeted genotypes were from wild-type SeMNPV containing naturally mixed genotypes.

Exercise Training Improves Ventilatory Efficiency in Patients With a Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of exercise training on ventilatory efficiency and physiological responses to submaximal exercise in subjects with small abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Methods: Sixty-five male patients (72.3 ± 7.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Reclassification of Risk for Incidence of Heart Failure: The Veterans Exercise Testing Study.

Background: It is well established that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, little is known regarding the association between CRF and incidence of heart failure (HF).

Methods And Results: Between 1987 and 2014, we assessed CRF in 21 080 HF-free subjects (58.

Prehabilitation for kidney transplant candidates: Is it time?

Many patients become frail with diminished cardiorespiratory fitness while awaiting kidney transplantation. Frailty and poor fitness powerfully predict mortality, transplant graft survival, and healthcare utilization after kidney transplantation. Efforts to intervene with post-transplant physical therapy have been met with limited success, in large part due to high study dropout.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and cancer mortality in men.

The preventive role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) in cancer mortality is not well-established. This study sought to evaluate the association between CRF, PA and cancer mortality in men. Maximal exercise testing was performed at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System in 5876 male veterans (60.

A comparison of methods for determining the ventilatory threshold: implications for surgical risk stratification.

Purpose: The ventilatory threshold (VT) is an objective physiological marker of the capacity of aerobic endurance that has good prognostic applications in preoperative settings. Nevertheless, determining the VT can be challenging due to physiological and methodological issues, especially in evaluating surgical risk. The purpose of the current study was to compare different methods of determining VT and to highlight the implications for assessing perioperative risk.