Unusual skin manifestations in an elderly man.

A 77-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of a widespread scaly erythematous patches affecting his trunk and limbs. This case report discusses the differential diagnosis in a patient with unusual lumps. It explores the common pitfalls in examining such cases and provides key learning points.

What is the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in skin photoaging?

Skin ageing is a complex process involving both internal and external factors, which leads to a progressive loss of cutaneous function and structure. Solar radiation is the primary environmental factor implicated in the development of skin ageing, and the term photoaging describes the distinct clinical, histological and structural features of chronically sun-exposed skin. The changes that accompany photoaging are undesirable for aesthetic reasons and can compromise the skin and make it more susceptible to a number of dermatological disorders.

Bad air gets under your skin.

Air pollution is increasing beyond previous estimates and is viewed as the world's largest environmental health risk factor. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have highlighted the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on health. Although there is comparatively less research investigating the cutaneous effects of ambient pollution, there is growing recognition of the adverse effects on skin.

Multiple, persistent gastropancreato-neuroendocrine tumours accompanying sigmoid bowel adenocarcinoma: A rare case report.

Introduction: Gastropancreato-neuroendocrine tumours (GETs) are rare, especially when they occur alongside colorectal adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, multiple GETs occurring within the small bowel are less frequent with only two cases described within the literature.

Presentation Of Case: A healthy 58-year old woman presented with severe gastrointestinal pain and faecal incontinence.

Spinal cord infarction: a rare cause of paraplegia.

Spinal cord infarction is rare and represents a diagnostic challenge for many physicians. There are few reported cases worldwide with a prevalence of 1.2% of all strokes.

Cochrane Review: Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (Review).

Background: Constipation within childhood is an extremely common problem. Despite the widespread use of osmotic and stimulant laxatives by health professionals to manage constipation in children, there has been a long standing paucity of high quality evidence to support this practice.

Objectives: We set out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of osmotic and stimulant laxatives used to treat functional childhood constipation.

A statistical framework for analyzing hypothesized interactions between cells imaged using multispectral microscopy and multiple immunohistochemical markers.

Background: Multispectral microscopy and multiple staining can be used to identify cells with distinct immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics. We present here a method called hypothesized interaction distribution (HID) analysis for characterizing the statistical distribution of pair-wise spatial relationships between cells with particular IHC characteristics and apply it to clinical data.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from a study of 26 follicular lymphoma patients in which sections were stained for CD20 and YY1.

Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation.

Background: Constipation within childhood is an extremely common problem. Despite the widespread use of osmotic and stimulant laxatives by health professionals to manage constipation in children, there has been a long standing paucity of high quality evidence to support this practice.

Objectives: We set out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of osmotic and stimulant laxatives used to treat functional childhood constipation.

Yin Yang 1 in human cancer.

The transcription factor Yin Yang (YY) 1 controls many divergent cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. These are key to cancer development, as a consequence of which its expression has been studied in an increasingly wide range of human cancers, including lymphoma, breast, prostate, colon, ovarian, cervical, and brain cancers, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leukemia. It is a regulatory transcription factor for a wide range of genes, including genes involved in control of the cell cycle and apoptosis, and it can act either to upregulate or downregulate downstream gene expression, depending on the cellular environment, cofactors, and the gene targeted.

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing disease characterised by diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon. Current maintenance treatments have multiple adverse events and an effective treatment with minimal adverse events is desired. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.

Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease.

Background: The use of 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) in Crohn's disease (CD) is controversial.  A recent Cochrane review found that 5-ASAs are not effective for the maintenance of medically-induced remission in CD, but their role in the maintenance of surgically-induced remission is unclear.

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-ASA agents for the maintenance of surgically-induced remission in CD.

YY1 expression predicts favourable outcome in follicular lymphoma.

Aims: Follicular lymphoma is the second most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma worldwide. The majority of patients diagnosed as having follicular lymphoma have an indolent form of the disease, but a subset of patients have aggressive disease with a shorter survival interval. Optimal treatment stratification requires a distinction between these two groups, though there are presently few prognostic biomarkers available.