Efficacy of continuous theta burst stimulation - repetitive trancranial magnetic stimulation on the orbito frontal cortex as an adjunct to naltrexone in patients of opioid use disorder and its correlation with serum BDNF levels: a sham-controlled study.

Opoid use disorder (OUD) is a global illness and reduction in craving by repeatative Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (RTMS) is one of its management approaches. Orbito-frontal Cortex is implicated in the several behavioral aspects of substance use including craving. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a critical role in addictive properties of drugs of use.

Response Processes to Looming Appetitive and Aversive Cues in Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: An Exploratory Study.

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit increased reaction time (RT), explained by the "looming-vulnerability model.

The association of plasma acyl ghrelin level with alcohol craving in early abstinent alcohol dependent patients.

Background: Craving plays an important role in maintenance of alcohol dependence. Earlier studies have analyzed the role of ghrelin in craving and their results have been heterogenous. Acyl ghrelin is its more active form as it crosses the blood brain barrier.

Absconding During Inpatient Care from a Tertiary Psychiatric Hospital: A Comparative Study.

Background: Absconding from psychiatric hospitals is of great concern for patients and caregivers. Absconding affects not only the treatment and safety of these patients but also patient's caregivers and the community. Further investigation is needed to examine the pattern of this event and the characteristics of patients who abscond.

A study of physical anhedonia as a trait marker in schizophrenia.

Background: Inability to define the heritable phenotype might be a reason for failure to replicate results in psychiatric genetics. Hence, the use of a candidate symptom approach to identify more homogeneous forms of diseases among affected individuals and subclinical traits among first-degree relatives (FDRs) may increase genetic validity. The objective of the present study was to determine whether physical anhedonia can be used as a marker for individuals at risk of schizophrenia.

Serum prolactin level and its correlation with psychopathology in drug free/drug naïve schizophrenia a case control study.

Background: There is a discrepancy in literature regarding level of prolactin in drug free/ drug naïve patients with non-affective psychosis. Few earlier studies have found low levels of prolactin whereas recent studies have found high levels of prolactin when compared to controls. Most of these studies have not considered the possible confounding factors.

Sensory Gating Deficits and their Clinical Correlates in Drug-Free/Drug-Naive Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background: Sensory gating refers to "filtering" of irrelevant sensory input in the brain. Auditory sensory gating deficit has been considered as a marker of schizophrenia (SCZ) and assessed using P50 paired-click paradigm. We explore sensory gating deficits and their clinical correlates in SCZ.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Cavum Septum Pellucidum in Schizophrenia: A 16 Slice Computed Tomography Study.

Objective: Several significant midline abnormalities including cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) have been reported in schizophrenia. However, not all studies were able to replicate similar findings. Furthermore, very few of them were conducted with large samples.

An Unusual Case of Delirium after Restarting Clozapine.

Clozapine is a gold standard medication and drug of choice in refractory schizophrenia. Among many of its fatal side effects, delirium is less reported and inconsistently recognized by clinicians. We here present a case of delirium which emerged during retreatment with clozapine in a patient of paranoid schizophrenia.

Clinical correlates of enlarged cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia: A revisit through computed tomography.

Like prevalence of abnormal cavum septum pellucidum in patients of schizophrenia remains controversial, its role in clinical outcome, duration of illness and effect on treatment remains less understood as well. Our study examined clinical correlates of enlarged cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia. A total of 139 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia during the year 2012 and 2013 were taken for the study.

Chronic non-fatal Datura abuse in a patient of paranoid schizophrenia: a case report.

Introduction: A range of psychoactive substances used by patients suffering from schizophrenia varies and may include those which are fatal and may cause serious toxicity leading to death. We here present a case report of a patient suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, who was abusing Datura stramonium over a prolonged period.

Case Summary: A 32 year old male presented with aggressive behaviour, irritability for 6 years and regular intake of Datura seeds for 3 years.

Factor Structure of CIWA-Ar in Alcohol Withdrawal.

Objective. To identify the underlying factor structure of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, as measured with CIWA-Ar. Methods.

Reasons for Substance Use: A Comparative Study of Alcohol Use in Tribals and Non-tribals.

Background: Consumption of alcohol has been attributed to different reasons by consumers. Attitude and knowledge about the substance and addiction can be influenced by the cultural background of the individual. The tribal population, where alcohol intake is culturally accepted, can have different beliefs and attributes causing one to take alcohol.

Factor analysis of positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia: An exploratory study.

Background: Controversy persists with regard to how best we can categorize symptomatic dimension of Schizophrenia. Aim of the study was to compute factorial dimensions in Indian subset of schizophrenic patients and to compare them with five factor pentagonal model extracted in western studies.

Materials And Methods: 150 inpatients of Schizophrenia with acute exacerbation were subjected to PANSS rating within one week of admission and statistical calculation done based on exploratory factor analysis.

Lithium-induced sinus node dysfunction at therapeutic serum levels.

Lithium-induced cardiotoxicity, though rare at therapeutic levels, has been reported frequently in overdoses. We report a patient who developed sinus bradycardia while being treated with lithium carbonate even though the serum lithium levels were within the therapeutic range. It reversed following withdrawal of lithium and did not reappear with subsequent treatment with valproate.

Prevention of alcohol dependence: strategies for selective, indicated, and universal prevention.

Study of the chronology of criteria of dependence in alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) can enable us to design strategies for the prevention for ADS, which takes into account primary prevention (indicated, selective, and universal prevention) approaches and aims at reducing the occurrence of ADS. The objective of this work is to study the age-wise and order-wise chronologies of International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10 DCR) dependence criteria in individuals with ADS. Consecutively admitted and consenting inpatients with ICD-10 DCR diagnosis of ADS were evaluated in a structured interview after detoxification using Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA)-II.

Sex difference in symptomatology of manic episode.

Objective: Studies addressing sex differences in the symptoms and course of bipolar affective disorder had been investigated across different phase of bipolar affective disorder. There are few studies in manic phase that have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, we investigated sex difference in symptom presentation of manic episode.