Tumour growth rate predicts overall survival in patients with recurrent WHO grade 4 glioma.

Purpose: Accurate prognostication may aid in the selection of patients who will benefit from surgery at recurrent WHO grade 4 glioma. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serial tumour volumetric measurements for prognostication at first tumour recurrence.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with histologically-diagnosed WHO grade 4 glioma at initial and at first tumour recurrence at a tertiary hospital between May 2000 and September 2018.

Non-Invasive Assessment of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutant Gliomas Using Optimized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on a Routine Clinical 3-Tesla MRI.

Purpose: The isocitrate dehydrogenase () mutation has become one of the most important prognostic biomarkers in glioma management, indicating better treatment response and prognosis. mutations confer neomorphic activity leading to the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical potential of proton MR spectroscopy (H-MRS) in identifying -mutant gliomas by detecting characteristic resonances of 2HG and its complex interplay with other clinically relevant metabolites.

Evaluation of Compressed SENSE on Image Quality and Reduction of MRI Acquisition Time: A Clinical Validation Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the effect of compressed SENSE (CS) in clinical settings on scan time reduction and image quality.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-five magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from different anatomical regions were acquired, consisting of a standard protocol sequence (SS) and sequence accelerated with CS. Anonymized paired sequences were randomly displayed and rated by six blinded subspecialty radiologists.

Thymosin β4 increases cardiac cell proliferation, cell engraftment, and the reparative potency of human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction.

Previous studies have shown that human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes improved myocardial recovery when administered to infarcted pig and non-human primate hearts. However, the engraftment of intramyocardially delivered cells is poor and the effectiveness of clinically relevant doses of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in large animal models of myocardial injury remains unknown. Here, we determined whether thymosin β4 (Tb4) could improve the engraftment and reparative potency of transplanted hiPSC-CMs in a porcine model of myocardial infarction (MI).

Radiology Preparedness in the Ongoing Battle against COVID-19: Experiences from Large to Small Public Hospitals in Singapore.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to the health care systems of the world. In Singapore, early experiences of the radiology community on managing this pandemic was shaped by lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003. This article surveys the operational responses of radiology departments from six public hospitals in Singapore.

Multi-Phase Cross-modal Learning for Noninvasive Gene Mutation Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Understanding the underlying gene mutations in HCC provides great prognostic value for treatment planning and targeted therapy. Radiogenomics has revealed an association between non-invasive imaging features and molecular genomics.

Cryptic asymptomatic parasellar high signal on time-of-flight MR angiography: how to resolve the clinical conundrum.

Purpose: Hyperintense parasellar signal on time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) in asymptomatic patients may be due to a variety of nonpathological causes and mimic parasellar high flow signal in pathological arteriovenous shunts at the cavernous sinus (CSAVS). This creates a clinical conundrum between diagnosing an aggressive yet asymptomatic CSAVS subtype against exposing patients without CSAVS to potential complications of an invasive angiographic evaluation. We reviewed common nonpathological causes of hyperintense parasellar signal and contrast their imaging features against those of pathological CSAVS and proposed a systemic approach to resolve such conundrum.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (193). Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD).

A 68-year-old man presented with a three-week history of rapidly progressive dementia, gait ataxia and myoclonus. Subsequent electroencephalography showed periodic sharp wave complexes, and cerebrospinal fluid assay revealed the presence of a 14-3-3 protein. A probable diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was made, which was further supported by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain showing asymmetric signal abnormality in the cerebral cortices and basal ganglia.

Starvation-induced diplopia and weakness: a case of beriberi and Wernicke's encephalopathy.

A 56-year-old teetotaller man with hypertension and gout presented with a week duration of painless worsening diplopia on a background of loss of weight and appetite, generalised lethargy and weakness for 1 year. On examination, he was noted to be hypothermic and tachycardic with generalised muscle wasting. Proximal myopathy, lower limb fasciculations and areflexia, restricted bilateral eye abduction and nystagmus were observed.

Multimodal assessments of Zika virus immune pathophysiological responses in marmosets.

Animal models that recapitulate the human pathophysiology have been developed as useful research tools. Although laboratory mice are widely used, they are phylogenetically "distant" to humans. New world monkeys, such as the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) have steadily gained prominence.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of liver resection versus transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria.

Unlabelled: Both liver resection (LR) and cadaveric liver transplantation (CLT) are potentially curative treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria and with adequate liver function. Adopting either as a first-line therapy carries major cost and resource implications. The objective of this study was to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of LR against CLT for patients with HCC within the Milan criteria using a decision analytic model.

Microvascular invasion is a better predictor of tumor recurrence and overall survival following surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma compared to the Milan criteria.

Objective: To compare microvascular invasion (McVI) with parameters defined by the Milan criteria in predicting tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS) in patients with surgical resection (SR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Summary Background Data: Although the Milan criteria is discriminatory for selecting patients with good outcomes in liver transplantation and SR for HCC, it neither adequately predict tumor recurrence nor explain differences in survival for patients with good liver function. McVI is a strong indicator of intrahepatic metastasis in HCC, but its relative significance for predicting clinical outcomes compared to the Milan criteria is unclear.