Hyperostosis in meningioma: a retrospective exploration of histological correlates.

Purpose: Meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumour. Hyperostosis is commonly associated but remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between meningioma-associated hyperostosis and other tumour variables.

Giant metastatic mixed-type spinal ependymoma presenting with hydrocephalus.

Ependymomas are rare nervous system tumors that can arise anywhere in the neuraxis. While having a high propensity for leptomeningeal dissemination, retrograde dissemination (from the spine to the CNS) remains infrequent. We describe the case of a 31-year-old female who presented with hydrocephalus secondary to an intracranial leptomeningeal metastasis of a giant spinal ependymoma with mixed (classic and myxopapillary) histopathologic features, successfully treated with surgical resection and radiotherapy of the entire neuraxis.

Focally administered succinate improves cerebral metabolism in traumatic brain injury patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), raised cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) reflects impaired energy metabolism. Raised LPR correlates with poor outcome and mortality following TBI. We prospectively recruited patients with TBI requiring neurocritical care and multimodal monitoring, and utilised a tiered management protocol targeting LPR.

Python-Embedded Plugin Implementation in ICM+: Novel Tools for Neuromonitoring Time Series Analysis with Examples Using CENTER-TBI Datasets.

With the appearance of publicly available, high-resolution, physiological datasets in neurocritical care, like Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI), there is a growing need for tools that could be used by clinical researchers to interrogate this information-rich data. The ICM+ software is widely used for processing data acquired from bedside monitors. Considering the growing popularity of scripting simple-syntax programming languages like Python, particularly among clinical researchers, we have developed an interface in ICM+ that provides a streamlined way of adding Python scripting functionality to the ICM+ calculation engine.

Cellular infiltration in traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release cytokines and chemokines. These in turn rapidly recruit neutrophils, which assist in limiting the spread of injury and removing cellular debris. Microglia continuously survey the CNS (central nervous system) compartment and identify structural abnormalities in neurons contributing to the response.

Recent advances in traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in those aged under 40 years in the UK. Higher rates of morbidity and mortality are seen in low-income and middle-income countries making it a global health challenge. There has been a secular trend towards reduced incidence of severe TBI in the first world, driven by public health interventions such as seatbelt legislation, helmet use, and workplace health and safety regulations.

Continuous Near-infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring in Adult Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may provide a noninvasive way to monitor cerebral oxygenation in patients with traumatic brain injury, therein allowing for timely intervention aimed at reversing regional brain tissue hypoxia. We conducted a systematic review of NIRS-based oximetry measurements and their association with (A) patient functional outcome (B) other neurophysiological parameters. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS, GlobalHealth and Cochrane Databases from inception to December 2018 and relevant conference proceedings published over the last 5 years.

Continuous Thermal Diffusion-Based Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring in Adult Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Systematic Review.

Thermal diffusion flowmetry (TDF) is an appealing candidate for monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in neurocritical-care patients as it provides absolute measurements with a high temporal resolution, potentially allowing for bedside intervention that could mitigate secondary injury. We performed a systematic review of TDF-regional(r)CBF measurements and their association with (1) patient functional outcome, (2) other neurophysiological parameters, and (3) imaging-based tissue outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS, GlobalHealth, and the Cochrane Databases from inception to October 2018 and relevant conference proceedings published over the last 5 years.

Modeling and multi-criteria optimization of an industrial process for continuous lactic acid production.

The key feature of this paper is the optimization of an industrial process for continuous production of lactic acid. For this, a two-stage fermentor process integrated with cell recycling has been mathematically modeled and optimized for overall productivity, conversion, and yield simultaneously. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied to solve the constrained multi-objective optimization problem as it is capable of finding multiple Pareto-optimal solutions in a single run, thereby avoiding the need to use a single-objective optimization several times.

Optimal Solutions of Multiproduct Batch Chemical Process Using Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm with Expert Decision System.

Optimal design problem are widely known by their multiple performance measures that are often competing with each other. In this paper, an optimal multiproduct batch chemical plant design is presented. The design is firstly formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem, to be solved using the well suited non dominating sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II).

A noise-filtering method using a local information measure.

A nonlinear-noise filtering method for image processing, based on the entropy concept is developed and compared to the well-known median filter and to the center weighted median filter (CWM). The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through subjective and objective criteria. It is shown that this method performs better than the classical median for different types of noise and can perform better than the CWM filter in some cases.

Enhancement of normal polymorphonuclear cells respiratory burst in ascitic fluid by fibronectin. Comparison between cirrhotic and malignant ascitic fluids.

The chemiluminescence (CL) response of normal peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in ascitic fluids (cirrhotic = 32; malignant = 17) was studied independently of the ascitic fluid complement activity. CL response and fibronectin levels were higher in malignant ascitic fluid than in cirrhotic ascitic fluid (p less than 0.001).

Entropic contrast enhancement.

A technique for the contrast enhancement of a picture is proposed. The method is derived from the entropy concept of information theory. The originality of the algorithm rests on the use of a local contrast to define the digital entropy.