High-density lipoprotein immunomodulates the functional activities of macrophage and cytokines produced during ex vivo macrophage-CD4 T cell crosstalk at the recent-onset human type 1 diabetes.

Background: Both CD4 T cells and macrophages are mainly involved in the autoimmune-mediated β-cells destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of HDL on functional activities of macrophage and its ability to regulate the production of cytokines in autologous mixed macrophage/CD4 T cells at the recent-onset human type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Cell samples were isolated from volunteers with recent-onset T1D or healthy controls.