Validation of a Visual Field Prediction Tool for Glaucoma: A Multicenter Study Involving Patients with Glaucoma In the United Kingdom.

Purpose: A previously developed machine-learning approach with Kalman-filtering technology accurately predicted disease trajectory for patients with various glaucoma types and severities using clinical trials data. This study assesses performance of the KF approach with real-world data.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Macular, choroidal and disc associations across women's reproductive life stages: a scoping review from menarche to post-menopause.

Oestrogen and progesterone fluctuate cyclically in women throughout their adult lives. Although these hormones cross the blood-retinal barrier and bind to intraocular receptors, their effects remain unclear. We present the first review to date on associations between posterior pole structures-specifically the macula, choroid, and optic disc-and both the menstrual cycle and post-menopausal period, utilising multimodal imaging techniques in healthy adult non-pregnant women.

Evaluation of the effect of 48 weeks of BIC/F/TAF and DRV/c/F/TAF on platelet function in the context of rapid ART start.

Introduction: The BIC-T&T study aimed to determine the efficacy of bictegraviremtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/F/TAF) and darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabinetenofovir alafenamide (DRV/c/F/TAF) at suppressing viral load in a two-arm, open-label, multi-centre, randomised trial under a UK test-and-treat setting. This sub-study aimed to evaluate potential off-target cardiovascular impact by examining platelet function.

Methods: Platelets were isolated by centrifugation of citrated blood from participants attending Chelsea and Westminster Hospital or St Mary's Hospital at Week 48 following enrolment.

Machine learning derived retinal pigment score from ophthalmic imaging shows ethnicity is not biology.

Few metrics exist to describe phenotypic diversity within ophthalmic imaging datasets, with researchers often using ethnicity as a surrogate marker for biological variability. We derived a continuous, measured metric, the retinal pigment score (RPS), that quantifies the degree of pigmentation from a colour fundus photograph of the eye. RPS was validated using two large epidemiological studies with demographic and genetic data (UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk Study) and reproduced in a Tanzanian, an Australian, and a Chinese dataset.

Primary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Sacrum: A Case Report of a 12 years old boy from Pakistan.

Aneurysmal bone cysts are locally invasive, benign lesions usually found in the spine or metaphysis of long bones. They can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to other bone pathologies. Primary aneurysmal bone cyst usually occurs in the first two decades of life.

Angle stability improvement using optimised proportional integral derivative with filter controller.

Load inconsistency has disrupted the power system, causing rotor angle fluctuation that leads to angle instability in the system. This research suggests an innovative proportional integral derivative with filter (PIDF)-based thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) controller that utilise an evolutionary programming sine cosine algorithm (EPSCA) for hybrid optimisation to increase the angle stability of the power system. The challenge of the PIDF-TCSC design is transformed into an optimal control problem with respect to performance indices, such as the maximum imaginary part of system eigenvalues, damping ratio and damping factor, where another multi-objective function is utilised to determine the best stabiliser settings.

Retinal morphology across the menstrual cycle: insights from the UK Biobank.

Oestradiol and progesterone levels are higher in menstruating women than men of the same age, and their receptors are present in their neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. However, the impact of this hormonal environment on retinal physiology in women remains unclear. Using self-reported menstrual cycle phases as a surrogate for fluctuating hormonal levels, we investigated associations with retinovascular indices on colour fundus photograph and retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography across regularly menstruating women in the UK Biobank.

Change in Patient Perceptions of Electronic Communication Methods for an Orthopaedic Fracture Clinic Between 2019 and 2024.

Introduction Outpatient appointments are essential to patient care, yet rising non-attendance rates ('did not attend' DNAs) pose significant challenges, costing the National Health Service (NHS) over £1 billion annually. Traditional postal communication is inefficient and costly, while digital methods like short messaging service (SMS) and electronic mail (email) show the potential to improve attendance and reduce costs. This study investigates changes in patient preferences for orthopaedic outpatient communication methods between 2019 and 2024 at a busy district general hospital in London, UK.

Transvenous embolization with detachable coils for a hypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistula: illustrative case.

Background: Hypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistulas (HCDAVFs) are a relatively rare subtype of dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF), representing 3%-5% of all dAVFs. The complex angio- and venous architecture predisposed to numerous anastomoses and nearby anatomical structures, including the posterior fossa sinuses and cranial nerves, can complicate both the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions.

Observations: The authors describe the case of HCDAVF in a 74-year-old male who presented with pulsatile tinnitus (PT) lasting 3 months and significant fatigue, headaches, and dizziness.

In vitro and patient studies with platelets to explore off-target cardiovascular effects of integrase inhibitors.

Introduction: People with HIV currently face a tenfold higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than those without HIV. Studies have shown various off-target effects of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on the cardiovascular system, but little is known about the effects of currently used integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) on platelets. Platelet activation is associated with increased CVD, thrombus formation, and release of proinflammatory mediators, so exploring platelet effects from currently prescribed ART may contribute to the understanding of CVD etiopathogenesis in people with HIV.

Neuroanatomy of the vertebrobasilar perforators: implications for aneurysm treatment.

The anatomy of vertebrobasilar perforators has been widely studied in human cadavers, with most reports found in the neurosurgical literature. These arterial perforators are extremely hard to visualize consistently with traditional two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography, but are reliably visible with cross sectional cone beam CT techniques. A clear understanding of this specific neurovascular anatomy and pathology is essential for informed treatment decisions.

Association of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure With Incident Glaucoma: 12-Year Evidence From the UK Biobank Cohort.

Purpose: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite growing concerns about air quality and its impact on ocular health, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the long-term association between air pollution and glaucoma risk. This study investigates the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of glaucoma.

Assessment of Outcomes by Intention-to-Treat Comparison for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Derived Cohort Study.

Background: The overall treatment response among patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is poorly understood as most studies report solely on resected patients. We aimed to investigate the outcomes in patients with LAPC as an intention-to-treat-analysis from the time of diagnosis from a complete source population.

Patients And Methods: An observational cohort study in a population-defined region within a universal healthcare system.

Treatment of Acute Iatrogenic Cerebrovascular Injury Using Flow Diverter Stents.

Background And Objectives: Iatrogenic cerebrovascular injury can cause intracranial hemorrhage and pseudoaneurysm formation, putting patients at high risk for postoperative bleeding. No consensus for management exists. This study describes endovascular treatment of these acute injuries with flow diverter stents.

Impact of arteriovenous fistula aneurysms on a UK dialysis populations' perception of vascular access.

Background: Clinically-oriented outcome measures are increasingly being recognized as lacking in consideration of factors important to patients. There is an emerging move of guideline bodies advocating a more patient-centred approach. Aneurysms in autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can be considered unsightly and a constant reminder for patients of their dependence on dialysis.

Pakistan's national COVID-19 response: lessons from an emergent response to the pandemic.

Introduction: In 2020, Pakistan faced the formidable challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic with an existing yet disjointed healthcare infrastructure, that included by over 18,000 public and an estimated 75,000 private health facilities and some elements of an epidemic surveillance and response system. This descriptive study examines how Pakistan developed a COVID-19 response, driven by establishing a central coordination and decision-making mechanism to overcome these systemic challenges.

Methods: The study is based on interviews and interactions of the many actors in the response by the authors, who also participated in nearly all proceedings of the National Command and Operation Centre (NCOC) and many of the National Coordination Committee (NCC).

Screening Strategies and Methodologies.

Prcis: While glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, it presents technical challenges in the design and implementation of screening. New technologies such as PRS and AI offer potential improvements in our ability to identify people at high risk of sight loss from glaucoma and may improve the viability of screening for this important disease.

Purpose: To review the current evidence and concepts around screening for glaucoma.

Gap Analysis of Glaucoma Examination Concept Representations within Standard Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms.

Objective/purpose: Standardization of eye care data is important for clinical interoperability and research. We aimed to address gaps in the representations of glaucoma examination concepts within Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), the preferred terminology of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Design: Study of data elements.

Comparing contribution of bony and cartilaginous endplate changes to intervertebral disc degeneration.

Objective: To compare the degenerative features of cartilaginous endplate with bony endplate in association with intervertebral degeneration in local population at radiographic, macroscopic and microscopic level in human motion segments.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study examined 59 lumbar spine motion segments from adult male cadavers at the Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, between May and September, 2022. Radiographic assessment observed bony endplate (BEP) for the presence of sclerosis & osteophytes and degeneration scores from 1-8 were assigned.