Urban agriculture matters for sustainable development.

Urban agriculture can contribute to sustainable development. However, a holistic investigation is lacking to comprehend its positive and negative impacts on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our systematic analysis of around 1,450 relevant publications on urban agriculture, screened from 76,000 records, fills this gap.

Utilisation of eye health services and compliance with spectacles wear among community school adolescents: a mixed-methods study from Bagmati province of Nepal.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors influencing eye care service utilisation and compliance with spectacles wear among school students.

Design: Mixed-methods study.

Setting: 27 community schools from 6 districts of Bagmati province of Nepal.

Adherence to Periodic Dilated Eye Examinations and Its Determinants Among Nepalese Patients With Diagnosed Diabetes: A Single-Center Hospital-Based Analysis Using Health Belief Model.

To find the adherence rate to periodic dilated eye examinations (DEEs) and its determinants among patients with diagnosed diabetes. In this cross-sectional study of 165 participants with diagnosed diabetes (Type 1/2) attending a general hospital with a diabetes clinic, we explored perceptions of barriers and facilitators of DEE at the individual level using a framework adapted from the health belief model (HBM). Patients were compared using t tests for continuous data and chi-square tests for categorical data.

Variants in the autoimmune disease risk locus influence the regulatory network in immune cells and salivary gland.

Fine mapping and bioinformatic analysis of the genetic risk association in Sjögren's Disease (SjD) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) identified five common SNPs with functional evidence in immune cell types: rs4938573, rs57494551, rs4938572, rs4936443, rs7117261. Functional interrogation of nuclear protein binding affinity, enhancer/promoter regulatory activity, and chromatin-chromatin interactions in immune, salivary gland epithelial, and kidney epithelial cells revealed cell type-specific allelic effects for all five SNPs that expanded regulation beyond effects on and expression. Mapping the local chromatin regulatory network revealed several additional genes of interest, including .

Preparation and In-Vitro Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Artemisinin and Curcumin.

Background: Malaria remains a formidable public health obstacle across Africa, Southeast Asia, and portions of South America, exacerbated by resistance to antimalarial medications, such as artemisinin-based combinations. The combination of curcumin and artemisinin shows promise due to its potential for dose reduction, reduced toxicity, synergistic effects, and suitability for drug delivery improvement.

Objective: This research aims to enhance the solubility and dissolution rates of curcumin and artemisinin by employing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs).

Hydroxylation of Substituted Anilides with Metallaphotocatalysis.

We report the combination of organo-photocatalysis with transition metal (TM) catalysis for directed -hydroxylation of substituted anilides for the synthesis of α-aminophenol derivatives under mild conditions. The developed metallaphotocatalysis utilizes -pivaloyl as a directing group and phenyl iodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) in the combination of the 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) photocatalyst and [RuCl(-cymene)] TM catalyst under visible-light irradiation at room temperature. The hydroxylation reaction works well for a wide range of substrates containing electron-withdrawing substituents and could be applied to late-stage functionalization and -hydroxyl metabolite generation for drug compounds-containing anilides with electron-withdrawing substituents in a single mild reaction.

Application of Covalent Binding Body Burden in the HμREL Human Hepatocyte Coculture Model for Reactivity Risk Assessment of Metabolically Low Turnover Drugs.

The human hepatocyte suspension model has been a valuable tool to study covalent binding (CVB) for compounds that form reactive metabolites. However, accurately measuring CVB values with the suspension model becomes challenging for metabolically low turnover compounds. In this study, we evaluated the HμREL human hepatocyte coculture model relative to existing literature using human hepatocyte suspension for drugs of known drug-induced liver injury category.

Chronic Otitis Media among Patients Visiting Community-Based Static Outreach Clinics.

Introduction: Chronic otitis media is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, with recurrent ear discharges or otorrhoea through a tympanic perforation for the past 3 months. It is a common cause of hearing impairment, disability, and poor scholastic performance and can lead to fatal intracranial infections and acute mastoiditis. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of chronic otitis media among patients visiting community-based static outreach clinics.

Hearing Loss among Children Visiting Department of Otolaryngology and HNS of a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Hearing loss is defined as the partial or total reduction in auditory acuity. Hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of hearing loss among children visiting the Department of Otolaryngology and HNS of a tertiary care centre.

Equity in Transplantation Access in Nepal: An Analysis of Gender, Geographic, and Caste-Based Disparities in Transplants.

Transplantation is a lifesaving modality for addressing various organ failures. While kidney transplant services became available in Nepal in 2008, the introduction of liver transplantation is more recent. The government provides financial assistance to support lifelong dialysis and kidney transplantation.

TScan-II: A genome-scale platform for the de novo identification of CD4 T cell epitopes.

CD4 T cells play fundamental roles in orchestrating immune responses and tissue homeostasis. However, our inability to associate peptide human leukocyte antigen class-II (HLA-II) complexes with their cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) in an unbiased manner has hampered our understanding of CD4 T cell function and role in pathologies. Here, we introduce TScan-II, a highly sensitive genome-scale CD4 antigen discovery platform.

Kaleidos-based binocular vision analyzer for the estimation of refractive errors and horizontal ocular deviation in children.

Clinical Relevance: Knowing the agreement and interobserver variability of the 2WIN-S photorefractometer with cycloplegic retinoscopy and prism cover test is important for judging the clinical usefulness of the device.

Background: This study aims to determine an agreement and interobserver reliability between 2WIN-S photorefractometer and cycloplegic retinoscopy for estimating refractive errors and between 2WIN-S and prism cover test for measuring horizontal ocular deviation in children.

Methods: Two groups of 129 and 64 participants (range, 5 to 16 years) were recruited for the agreement and interobserver reliability studies, respectively.

Disseminated cysticercosis with tongue involvement: a rare case report from Nepal.

Introduction And Importance: Cysticercosis is a condition in which humans are infected by the larval form of the pork tapeworm . Cysticercosis in humans is common in the cerebral tissue but rare in the tongue.

Case Presentation: Here, the authors report a rare case of a 38-year-old male with neurocysticercosis and cysticercosis of the tongue.

Impact of active vision therapy compared to conventional patching therapy on visual acuity and stereoacuity in children with amblyopia.

Purpose: To compare improvements in visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity between active vision therapy (AVT) and conventional patching therapy in children with amblyopia.

Methods: This study included 65 children aged 5 to 16 years (mean age±SD, 11.00±3.

Lessons learned after 20 years of real-world experience with natalizumab.

Background: While natalizumab (NTZ) is an effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), it is associated with an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). After 20 years (2002-2022) of experience with NTZ at our center, we observed no cases of PML.

Objectives: We evaluated the likelihood of experiencing PML in a subset of our treatment cohort, as well as reviewed treatment practices at our center that may mitigate PML risk.

An amide to thioamide substitution improves the permeability and bioavailability of macrocyclic peptides.

Solvent shielding of the amide hydrogen bond donor (NH groups) through chemical modification or conformational control has been successfully utilized to impart membrane permeability to macrocyclic peptides. We demonstrate that passive membrane permeability can also be conferred by masking the amide hydrogen bond acceptor (>C = O) through a thioamide substitution (>C = S). The membrane permeability is a consequence of the lower desolvation penalty of the macrocycle resulting from a concerted effect of conformational restriction, local desolvation of the thioamide bond, and solvent shielding of the amide NH groups.

Transcriptome Analysis of and during Cold Stress.

spp. are known to cause campylobacteriosis, a bacterial disease that remains a public health threat. spp.

Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Prediabetes Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a specific microvascular ocular complication associated with diabetes. However, retinopathy has also been reported in people with prediabetes. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among patients with prediabetes attending the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary eye care centre.

Depression among Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Medical students encounter multiple psychological changes in the transformation from young insecure students to efficient physicians. They have to balance the personal, social and academic dimention in a busy schedule. So, this study aimed to find out the prevalence of depression among medical students of a medical college.