The Rate of Cesarean Section and Newborn Apgar score In Two Types Of Physiological Delivery and Facilitated Delivery in Mothers with First Pregnancy.

Introduction: Labor pain is often severe and its lack of relief can have a bad effect on the mother's physiological condition. Accurate measurement and appropriate treatment of pain is an important problem. There are several choices for the control of labor pain, however, each method has its own risks and benefits regarding its efficiency and availability; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the rate of cesarean section and newborn Apgar in two types of physiological delivery and facilitated delivery among mothers with first delivery.

The Effect of Clonidine Premedication on Hemodynamic Changes Following Tracheal Intubation and Co Gas Insufflation and Postoperative Shivering In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a proper treatment for cholecystitis but the Carbon dioxide gas which is used in surgery stimulates the sympathetic system and causes hemodynamic changes and postoperative shivering in patients undergoing operations. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of clonidine on reducing hemodynamic changes during tracheal intubation and Carbon dioxide gas insufflation and postoperative shivering in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Material And Methods: This prospective, randomized, triple-blind clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients between the 18-70 years-old age group, who were candidates of laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery.

Histopathological Feature of Early-Onset Breast Cancer: A Comparative Analysis.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women. In some reports, it has been specified that the diagnosis of breast cancer at an earlier ages worsens the prognosis; this can be attributed to a combination of factors such as advanced stage of disease and late demonstration. Considering different results in last studies, this study's aim was investigation of breast cancer histopathology in two age groups of women under and above 40 years old.

The Effect of Granisetron, Ondansetron, and Meperidine in Preventing Postoperative Shivering: Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Recently, use of HT35 receptor antagonists to prevent postoperative shivering has attracted a great deal of attention. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of granisetron as an HT35 antagonist when compared with ondansetron and meperidine in preventing postoperative shivering.

Material And Methods: In this triple blind random clinical trial study, 90 patients 18-50 years of age with ASA Class I and II undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned into one of the three drug groups: O (4-mg ondansetron), G (40 μg/kg of granisetron), and P (25 mg meperidine), immediately before induction of anesthesia.

Examining the efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen and meperidine for preventing post-operative shivering after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with general anesthesia.

Postoperative shivering is a common complication that can lead to increased postoperative complications. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intravenous ibuprofen and meperidine in preventing shivering following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A total of 120 patients, aged 20-70 and classified as ASA I-II, were enrolled in this triple-blind clinical trial.

Effect of Different Mouthwashes on Stain Susceptibility of Resin Composite in Contact with Beverages.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of common mouthwashes on the color change of a nanohybrid composite and its further stain susceptibility to Coke and coffee. One hundred and fifty composite discs were prepared and initial color values were measured using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were grouped based on the 24h exposure to common mouthwashes including Listerine, chlorhexidine, two types of fluoride mouthwashes (alcohol free and alcohol containing) as well as distilled water as control (N=30).

The Effect of Nicotine Patch on Reducing Nausea, Vomiting, and Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The effect of nicotine on nausea, vomiting, and postoperative pain has been investigated in studies on animals and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine patch on decreasing nausea, vomiting, and pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 non-smoking patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia in a triple-blind clinical trial.

Insurance status and traumatized patients' outcomes: a report from the national trauma registry of Iran.

Background: Trauma care is one of the most expensive medical procedures that is significantly affected by factors like insurance status. Providing medical care to injured patients has a significant impact on patients' prognosis. This study examined whether insurance status was associated with different outcomes, including hospital length of stay (HLOS), mortality, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission.

Evaluating the Efficacy of the National Early Warning Score in Predicting the Mortality of Stroke Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units.

Background: National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a tool used to identify patients at risk. Scores are based on initial clinical observations, including heart rate, respiration rate, systolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, level of consciousness, body temperature, and oxygen support. To date, few studies have been conducted on NEWS evaluation worldwide, and no study has been conducted in Iran.

Comparing the Efficacy and Side Effects of Intravenous Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Pain Control Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Background: The importance of using effective postoperative analgesia is widely accepted. Systemic opioids are the gold standard for reducing severe pain after surgery, but the side effects have limited the use of adequate doses. We aimed to evaluate the effect of adding intravenous acetaminophen and intravenous ibuprofen to fentanyl on patient-controlled analgesia.

Risk perception and adherence to preventive behaviours related to the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based study applying the health belief model.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), now a global pandemic, is a new, highly contagious, and preventable disease that has caused many deaths across the world. Correct understanding of the risks and following health instructions are among the most important self-care parameters.

Aims: To assess people's perception of the risks and their adherence to recommended preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19 infection.

Effects of exposure to enriched environment during adolescence on passive avoidance memory, nociception, and prefrontal BDNF level in adult male and female rats.

Previous studies demonstrated that an enriched environment (EE) exposure improves cognitive functions, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in multiple brain regions of laboratory animal models. Also, studies on the sex-dependent effects of exposure to EE during adolescence on adult cognitive functions are less. Therefore, the present experiment was aimed to assess the effects of EE during adolescence on passive avoidance learning and memory, nociception, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) BDNF mRNA levels in the adult male and female rats.

Efficacy of Methotrexate on Pain Severity Reduction and Improvement of Quality of Life in Patients with Moderate to Severe Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) leads to low quality of life due to pain and limitation in daily activities. Recent studies indicated that Methotrexate (MTX) could reduce pain due to its anti-inflammatory effects.

Objectives: In this study, the researchers aimed at evaluating the efficacy of MTX in pain control and improvement of quality of life in patients with moderate to severe knee OA.

Efficacy of duloxetine and gabapentin in pain reduction in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis in elders which can lead to reduced daily activity and quality of life. It is important to administer a proper treatment with high efficacy and low side effects. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of duloxetine and gabapentin in patients with moderate to severe knee OA.

The Comparative Study of Ondansetron and Metoclopramide Effects in Reducing Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are one of the most common complications of anesthesia and without prophylactic intervention occurs by about one-third of patients under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in reducing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this study, 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into two equal groups (n=30), and in the first group 10 mg metoclopramide and in the second group 4 mg ondansetron preoperatively were injected.

Dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative shivering: a randomized double-blind comparison with pethidine.

Background: Postoperative shivering is very common and followed by many problems such as increasing oxygen consumption, blood pressure, intracranial and intraocular pressure, and postoperative pain. Therefore, prevention of shivering is important, especially in elderly and ischemic heart disease patients. The goal of this study was to compare the effect of pethidine (meperidine), dexamethasone, and placebo on prevention of shivering.

The effects of oral pregabalin on post-operative pain of lower limb orthopedic surgery: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Post-operative pain is one of the problems, wherein lack of control on it has many side-effects such as tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, decreased alveolar ventilation, and poor wound healing.

Aims: In this study, we evaluated the pre-operative administration of pregabalin sufficiency and security in relieving post-operative pain after lower limb orthopedic surgery and reducing the need for opioids and their possible side-effects.

Materials And Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Comparison of the effects of remifentanil and alfentanil on intraocular pressure in cataract surgery.

Background: Anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery requires management of intraocular pressure (IOP) during perioperative period. In an open eye, in conditions such as after traumatic injury or during cataract surgery, IOP increase can lead to permanent vision loss. Administration of narcotics concomitant with anesthetics has the ability to reduce this increase of IOP.

The effects of indomethacin, diclofenac, and acetaminophen suppository on pain and opioids consumption after cesarean section.

Background: Cesarean section is one of the common surgeries of women. Acute post-operative pain is one of the recognized post-operative complications.

Aims: This study was planned to compare the effects of suppositories, indomethacin, diclofenac and acetaminophen, on post-operative pain and opioid usage after cesarean section.

The comparison of Alfentanil and Remifentanil infusion during anesthesia on post-anesthesia recovery.

Background And Objective: With consideration the daily increased development of outpatient surgeries and high rate of these surgeries in elderly patients, rapid and safe recovery of patients is necessary. In this clinical trial study, recovery time and nausea and vomiting after the use of two rapid-onset narcotics, Alfentanil and Remifentanil, in elderly patients were evaluated.

Methods: In this double-blind prospective clinical trial, 40 elderly patients (age above 65 years) candidate to cataract surgery with general anesthesia were studied.

Heart murmur in neonates: how often is it caused by congenital heart disease?

Objective: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of cardiovascular diseases in children. This study was performed from September 2006 to August 2007 in Ardebil, Westnorthern Iran. The aim was to determine the prevalence of heart murmur in newborns and its correlation with CHD.