Severe types of fetopathy are associated with changes in the serological proteome of diabetic mothers.

Pregestational or gestational diabetes are the main risk factors for diabetic fetopathy. There are no generalized signs of fetopathy before the late gestational age due to insufficient sensitivity of currently employed instrumental methods. In this cross-sectional observational study, we investigated several types of severe diabetic fetopathy (cardiomyopathy, central nervous system defects, and hepatomegaly) established in type 2 diabetic mothers during 30 to 35 gestational weeks and confirmed upon delivery.

Molecular pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy with antenatal complications.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a daunting problem accompanied by severe fetal development complications and type 2 diabetes mellitus in postpartum. Diagnosis of diabetic conditions occurs only in the second trimester, while associated antenatal complications are typically revealed even later. We acquired an assay of peripheral and cord blood samples of patients with different types of diabetes mellitus who delivered either healthy newborns or associated with fetopathy complications.

Association of Proteins Modulating Immune Response and Insulin Clearance During Gestation with Antenatal Complications in Patients with Gestational or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The purpose of the study is to establish and quantitatively assess protein markers and their combination in association with insulin uptake that may be have value for early prospective recognition of diabetic fetopathy (DF) as a complication in patients with diabetes mellitus during gestation.

Methods: Proteomic surveying and accurate quantitative measurement of selected proteins from plasma samples collected from the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who gave birth of either healthy or affected by maternal diabetes newborns was performed using mass spectrometry.

Results: We determined and quantitatively measured several proteins, including CRP, CEACAM1, CNDP1 and Ig-family that were significantly differed in patients that gave birth of newborns with signs of DF.

[ENZYME THERAPY OF POSTCHOLECYSTECTOMY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN].

The article provides pathogenetic justification of the need and the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) of postcholecystectomy syndrome (PHES) in children. Special focus will be on the possibility of using the ERT in PHES in children of different age groups. Personal experience with these drugs in children with cholelithiasis is provided, considering their mechanism of action and side effects of ERT.

[PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY: ORIGINS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS OF THE RESEARCH].

The nomenclature of digestive diseases in children was supplemented by the "new" diseases: of esophagus--gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, Zenker's diverticulum; of stomach and duodenum--gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer disease, polyps, ectopic pancreas in the stomach wall; of the intestine--jejunitis, ileocolitis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, bacterial overgrowth syndrome in the small intestine; of biliary tract--cholelithiasis, gallbladder cholesterosis, anomalies of the biliary tract; of pancreas--acute and chronic pancreatitis, annular pancreas (2). The features of gastrointestinal diseases in children experiencing the action of factors, not always positively affecting the growing organism, were established. These features include: presence of allergic background; high level of neuro-autonomous and psycho-emotional changes in modern children, not only in schoolchildren, but even in preschoolers; polymorbidity or a combination (syntropy) of lesions of the digestive system; adverse outcomes of certain diseases as chronization, complications development, and as a consequence--a high risk of disability in children; "rejuvenation" of certain diseases of the digestive system (cholelithiasis, gallbladder cholesterosis, Crohn's disease), typical for adults.

[The treatment of gallbladder cholesterosis in children].

The article contains the results of studies indicating the benefits of conservative therapy in children with gallbladder cholesterosis (GBC). The high efficiency of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of GBC in childhood is shown in the study. Our research in the field of GBC in children allows the authors to propose management algorithm of such patients.

[Dyslipidemia in children with cholelithiasis as a marker of metabolic syndrome development].

In the article based on own research shows changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in children with gallstone disease (GSD), characteristic of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The data obtained suggest that obesity is not always a marker of the metabolic syndrome. A key element in the development of MS are the changes of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

Surface modification of polymers treated by various fluorinating media.

Fluorination processes of polymer surfaces are able to lead to drastic modifications of the surface properties without changing the bulk characteristics of the virgin material. In this paper, two types of polymers, i.e.

[Risk factors and mechanisms of the postcholecystectomy syndrome development in children].

Cholelithiasis has long ceased to be casuistry in childhood. In connection with the steady tendency for it to grow, it has increased the number of surgical interventions on the occasion of holelitiazis. The removal of the gall bladder in some patients is accompanied by disorders on the part of the digestive system, identified as postcholecystectomical syndrome.

[Modern aspects of the prevention of diseases of the digestive system in children ].

The article reviews the modern aspects of the prevention of diseases of the digestive system in children. It analyzes the levels of prevention activities, starting with the first days of a child's life. Great value is given to healthy ways of parents' lives, in the future - of the children: monitoring the course of pregnancy, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostics of the pathology of the fetus.

[Constipation in children].

Chronic constipation (HZ) in children remains one of the most urgent and complex problems of pediatric gastroenterology and form a wide range of health and social and psychological problems. Due to the lack of clear understanding of the pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment of constipation are complicated. A significant role belongs to the nervous system and in the development of other forms of HZ, which should be considered during diagnostics and treatment.

[The role of metabolism disorders in genesis of gallstone disease in children].

Identified changes lipid metabolism in children with biliary disease, characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. The correlation between indices of lipid metabolism with body weight in children with cholelithiasis. However, the degree of impairment of carbohydrate metabolism was independent of body mass index.

[Successful cytolytic at three months child with gallstone disease].

Gallstone disease (GSD) in childhood is no longer a casuistry. In connection with it pediatricians have some questions: which method of treatment should be preferred? How to prevent disease progression? Despite the vast experience gained by physicians, gastroenterologists in the study of cholelithiasis in pediatric pharmacotherapy issues of GSD are under study, because it isn't possible to extrapolate the turned internists data in pediatrics, should be considered with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of children, to take into account peculiarities of formation and chemical composition of gallstones. Recent advances in operative and endoscopic techniques allow for the revision of treatment policy for children with cholelithiasis.

[Therapeutic tactics in cholelithiasis in children].

Biliary tract diseases in children in recent years increasingly attracted the attention of not only physicians and surgeons, but this problem is becoming increasingly important in pediatric practice. Thus, gallstone disease in childhood is becoming a serious medical and social problem because of its chronic relapsing course, the development of severe complications, reduced quality of life and social adaptation of children. A particular difficulty is to select treatment tactics at cholelithiasis in childhood.

[Clinical and morphological features of gallbladder cholesterosis in children].

Although that the first reports of cholesterosis gall bladder were in the second half of the XIX century, there is still insufficient information about the frequency of its detection in children. According to some researchers, this disease was detected in patients aged 13 to 14 years. In other periods of childhood gallbladder cholesterosis is considered to be casuistic rarity.

[Clinique--pathogenetic features of postcholecystectomy syndrome in children].

Unlabelled: Years of experience observing children with GSD made possible to determine the clinical course and to clarify some of mechanisms of postcholecystectomical syndrome formation in children. Material and methods. There were observed 148 children who underwent cholecystectomy at the age of 3 to 15 years.

[Current aspects of diseases biliary tract in childhood].

This article describes the current status of the issue of biliary tract disease in children. There were shown current differences according to age-appropriate. Was presented a new structure of the bile-excreting system diseases, among them dysfunction of the gallbladder and Oddi's sphincter, bile duct abnormalities, biliary sludge, cholelithiasis; cholesterosis of the gall bladder isn't casuistry.

[Essential microelements and gallstones in children].

The article presents a study of particular features of the essential microelements content in the hair, blood, bile and gallstones in infants with cholelithiasis. It was shown that this disease is accompanied by a lack of microelements, which appears as a lack of selenium, imbalance of zinc and accumulation of iron and copper in biological objects. In conjunction with other factors (vegetative dysfunction, comorbidities of the gastrointestinal tract and maldevelopment of the bile-excreting tract), the lack of microelements can promote the formation of gallstones in infants.

[Clinical and pathogenetic significance of biliary tract abnormalities in a child with cholelithiasis].

The clinical peculiarities of cholelithiasis in the children with biliary tract's anomalities are presented in this paper. The data of clinical, instrumental examinations and anamnesis are analysed. Although, there are some clinical peculiarities of cholelithiasis in the patients with biliary tract's anomalities, intrascopic methods of examination are preferable.

[Distant thermography in the diagnosis of digestive organ diseases in children].

The authors review the most urgent problems of alimentary diseases in children: diagnosis, differential diagnosis and early detection with the use of remote thermography, an up-to-date noninvasive and atraumatic research method. The method was demonstrated to be highly informative in diseases such as gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer, chronic pancreatitis and others. The significance of remote thermography in revealing functional pathology of the alimentary organs in children is emphasized.