[Potter sequence in a newborn with polycystic kidney disease].

A rare clinical case of a newborn boy with a diagnosed Potter sequence is presented. The diagnosis was made based on polycystic dysplasia of the kidneys, cysts in the liver, hypoplasia of the lungs and characteristic external signs due to critical oligohydramnios. The child's parents were closely related, which suggested an autosomal recessive form of the disease.

In Silico Predictions on the Productive Life Span and Theory of Its Developmental Origin in Dairy Cows.

Animal welfare includes health but also concerns the need for natural factors that contribute to the increase in viability. Therefore, quantitative parameters are necessary to predict the risks of early culling of cows. In the study of the age dynamics of the disposal rate (culling for sum of reasons + death) in dairy cow populations, it was found that the average productive life span can be predicted by the value of the reciprocal culling/death rate (reciprocal value of Gompertz function) at the first lactation.

The Processes of Nutrition and Metabolism Affecting the Biosynthesis of Milk Components and Vitality of Cows with High- and Low-Fat Milk.

In order to clarify the mechanism of the depression of milk fat formation and preserve the health of animals, the aim of the research was to study the characteristics of rumen digestion, energy metabolism, and milk composition in high-producing dairy cows with high and low levels of milk fat that are fed the same diet. Two groups of cows with normal milk fat content (3.94 ± 0.

Communicating artificial neural networks develop efficient color-naming systems.

Words categorize the semantic fields they refer to in ways that maximize communication accuracy while minimizing complexity. Focusing on the well-studied color domain, we show that artificial neural networks trained with deep-learning techniques to play a discrimination game develop communication systems whose distribution on the accuracy/complexity plane closely matches that of human languages. The observed variation among emergent color-naming systems is explained by different degrees of discriminative need, of the sort that might also characterize different human communities.

[Creation of Blast Disease-Resistant Rice Sorts with Modern DNA-Markers].

Based on modern technologies of molecular DNA-markers, blast disease-resistance genes (Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-1, Pi-2, and Pi-33) were introgressed and pyramided into domestic rice varieties to give them long-term disease resistance. For that purpose, this case study uses SSR-markers closely linked to these genes, as well as intragenic markers of genes Pi-ta and Pi-b. Multiplex PCR systems were created for simultaneous identification of two resistance genes in the hybrid progeny for the following combinations: Pi-1 + Pi-2, Pi-ta + Pi-b, Pi-ta + Pi-33.

[The asymmetry of parietal-visual and parietal-auditory transcallosal potentials and their sex dimorphism].

"Reverse" transcallosal responses (TCR) occurring in the visual and auditory cortex during stimulation of the temporal associative cortex of opposite hemisphere, were studied. The right hemisphere was shown to domineer in females, whereas a greater latency of the temporal-visual positive-negative TCRs was found in the males' right hemisphere and the females' left one. These and other data obtained suggest a greater lateralisation of the brain in males.

[The intrahemispheric contrast in transcallosal responses and its interhemispheric asymmetry in animals of both sexes].

A certain dynamics of changes in intrahemisphere contrast was revealed in the process of development of the transcallosal response: in the beginning of the response the right hemisphere is more focal, then the left one and afterwards again the right hemisphere. In males, the main changes of focality are related to the left hemisphere whereas in females--to the right one. The focality of a greater value is characteristic of the males' transcallosal responses whereas the distribution of the EPs is more diffuse in females.

[The role of transcallosal responses with an initial negativity in the formation of a pattern of interhemispheric asymmetry].

Negative-positive transcallosal homotopic responses (THR) occurred 2 times less frequently than the positive-negative ones in male cats, whereas the same ratio was 1:3 in female cats. The foci of maximal activity of the 1st and 2nd types THR did not coincide. The 2nd type THR were shown to have a lesser number of interzonal interconnections than in the case of the positive-negative potentials.

[The effect of pregnancy on transcallosal evoked potentials].

Pregnancy induced an intrahemispheric redistribution of transcallosal flows mainly in the projection areas of the cat cortex. Functional interhemispheric asymmetry (FIA) of transcallosal evoked responses (TEPs) was determined by interhemispheric distribution of negative-positive responses in non-pregnant cats, whereas in pregnant ones it was determined by the asymmetry of positive-negative TEPs. The right hemisphere played the major part in the changes of the TEPs' amplitude parameters, and the left one--in temporal parameters.

[Sex differences in the penetrance and expressivity of interhemispheric asymmetry].

In 38 anesthetised cat of both sexes, homotopic transcallosal responses (HTR) were studied in somatosensory, visual, auditory and temporal cortex of the brain. High penetration in cases of interhemispheric asymmetry was more specific for males and found mostly in cortical projection areas. For the functional interhemispheric asymmetry of the HTR amplitude-temporal parameters a high degree of expressiveness was characteristic in female cats.

[The pattern of the interhemispheric asymmetry of transcallosal evoked potentials in a complex study of the projection and associative cortical areas].

In 38 anesthetized cats, homotopic transcallosal responses (TCR) were studied in somatosensory, visual, auditory, sensomotor and temporal areas. The TCR were found to be functionally asymmetrical. Some specific features of the TCR asymmetry were revealed in males and females.

Interhemispheric interzonal connections in the parietal cortex.

In acute experiments on cats immobilized by tubarine transcallosal responses (TCRs) to the stimulation of the visual or auditory cortex of the opposite hemisphere were investigated in the parietal associative region. It was found that interzonal heterotopical TCRs could be recorded along the entire surface of the parietal cortex and were in two forms: positive-negative or negative-positive. Positive-negative evoked potentials (EPs) had greater latent periods.

Functional organization of interzonal transcallosal connections in the sensorimotor cortex.

Transcallosal evoked potentials (EP) in cat sensorimotor cortex, arising in response to stimulation of the visual or auditory zone of an opposite hemisphere, were investigated. Interzonal transcallosal responses (TCR) were shown to be present along the entire surface of the sensorimotor cortex. Videomotor EPs were mainly in the form of responses with initial negativity.

[Interzonal transcallosal connections of the sensomotor cortex].

Interzonal transcallosal EPs occurring in response to stimulation of visual or auditory cortex of opposite hemisphere, were recorded in the cat sensomotor cortex. Visual-motor EPs had mainly an initial positivity whereas audio-motor those were mainly initially negative. Latencies of the former EPs were longer.

Interzonal transcallosal connections of the auditory and parietal cortex.

Transcallosal evoked potentials arising in the parietal region in response to stimulation of the auditory cortex of the opposite hemisphere were investigated in acute experiments on cats immobilized by tubocurarine. Interzonal transcallosal responses were recorded over the whole surface of the parietal cortex and were of two types: positive-negative and negative-positive. Positive-negative EP have a longer response latency and a greater total amplitude of both components.

[An apparatus for diagnosing necrotic areas of the skeletal musculature of man and animals].

Modern methods for the evaluation of principal respiration indexes were analysed to formulate the demands for methodological characteristics of the devices used in lung functional diagnosis. As a result the extent of measurement random errors of main respiration indexes, which guarantee the prescribed level of right diagnosis probability are established.

[Interregional transcallosal connections between the auditory and parietal cortex].

Interregional transcallosal responses to the stimulation of auditory cortex occurred throughout the surface of parietal cortex in immobilized cats and were either positive-negative or negative-positive. The former EPs had a longer latency and a greater total amplitude of both components. The negative-positive EPs disappeared after section of the callosal body whereas the positive-negative EPs were but insignificantly altered.

Spatial organization of interaction of transcallosal and thalamocortical flows of excitation.

The interaction between transcallosal potentials and the responses to stimulation of the contralateral sciatic nerve was studied at 85 sites in the sensorimotor region of the cortex in acute experiments on cats. It was shown that the effect of the interaction of these responses is determined by their configuration at the given site, as well as by the time interval between responses. The interaction was of a pronounced spatial-temporal character.

[Asymmetry of the interaction of transcallosal and thalamocortical flows in the sensorimotor cortex].

The interaction between transcallosal potentials and responses to stimulation of the contralateral sciatic nerve was studied in symmetrical areas of the cat sensorimotor cortex. The interacting responses and the resulting EPs were characterized by a functional interhemisphere asymmetry of an individual form. In transcallosal conditioning with 10-ms interstimuli intervals, the positive components of the EPs prevailed in the left hemisphere.

[Characteristics of the transcallosal potentials in the parietal cortex of the cat].

Comparative study of the transcallosal EPs in the cat parietal and sensomotor cortical areas revealed that the parietal EPs were less stable and more uniform than the sensomotor ones. Distribution of the EPs over the sensomotor cortex's surface is more regular as compared with the parietal area. Focus of the transcallosal EPs maximal activity coincided usually with the parietal point symmetrical to stimulation.

[Spatial organization of the interaction between transcallosal and thalamocortical flows of excitation].

In 10 immobilized cats, the interaction between transcallosal potentials and responses to stimulation of the n. ischiadicus was studied in 85 points of the sensomotor cortex. The interaction effect of these responses is determined by their configuration in a given point as well as by time interval between them.