A novel COL3A1 gene variant associated with sudden death due to spontaneous pneumothorax.

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a condition defined by abnormal gas accumulation in the chest cavity. Mutations of the collagen type III alpha 1 chain, COL3A1 gene, are primarily linked to vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS); however, they can also contribute to structural changes in the tissue, like bullae of the lungs. In this case report, we present a young, thinly built boy who died due to a spontaneous pneumothorax.

SARS-CoV-2 infection dysregulates the expression of clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes in Vero E6 cells and membrane transporters in human lung tissues.

SARS-CoV-2-mediated interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters (DMETs) in different tissues, especially lung, the main affected organ may limit the clinical efficacy and safety profile of promising COVID-19 drugs. Herein, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection could dysregulate the expression of 25 clinically relevant DMETs in Vero E6 cells and postmortem lung tissues from COVID-19 patients. Also, we assessed the role of 2 inflammatory and 4 regulatory proteins in modulating the dysregulation of DMETs in human lung tissues.

The Impact of Psychiatric Disorder Diagnosis on Motivation to Quit and Stage of Change Among Patients at a Hospital-Based Outpatient Smoking Cessation Clinic.

Smoking is among the greatest international public health concerns, causing excessive levels of preventable premature death, disability, and economic costs. The prevalence of tobacco use among people with psychiatric disorders (PDs) remains persistently high relative to the general population, highlighting the need to improve smoking cessation (SC) strategies in this group. We aimed to assess the associations between having a PD and baseline motivation to quit (MtQ) smoking and Prochaska's stage of change (SoC), two clinically important metrics linked to SC outcomes.

A retrospective analysis of the association between providing nicotine replacement therapy at admission and motivation to quit and nicotine withdrawal symptoms during an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.

Background: Psychiatric patients have high tobacco use prevalence, dependence, and withdrawal severity. A tobacco-free psychiatric hospitalization necessitates the management of nicotine withdrawal (NW) for tobacco using patients. NW management often requires the provision of approved nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to patients, which may also motivate tobacco users towards cessation.

Hypertension Canada's 2017 Guidelines for Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults.

Hypertension Canada provides annually updated, evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. This year, we introduce 10 new guidelines. Three previous guidelines have been revised and 5 have been removed.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Outcomes of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Among Persons With Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

Objectives: It is common practice to individualize smoking cessation pharmacotherapy based on clinical judgment and patient response. However, little has been documented about the use and outcomes of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy in real-world settings. This study examines factors associated with using smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and related outcomes among smokers with psychiatric and/or substance use disorders who completed an intensive tobacco treatment program within mental health and addiction services settings in Vancouver, Canada.

Smoking Behaviors and Medical Co-Morbidities in Patients With Mental Illnesses.

Correlations among smoking behaviors and co-morbid medical illnesses were examined among 982 smokers with mental illnesses enrolled in a smoking cessation program within Mental Health and Addictions Services in Vancouver, Canada. Significant correlates among individuals with psychotic disorders included associations between a history of emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) disease and cigarettes smoked per day (r's=.35, p≤.

Hypertension Canada's 2016 Canadian Hypertension Education Program Guidelines for Blood Pressure Measurement, Diagnosis, Assessment of Risk, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension.

Hypertension Canada's Canadian Hypertension Education Program Guidelines Task Force provides annually updated, evidence-based recommendations to guide the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. This year, we present 4 new recommendations, as well as revisions to 2 previous recommendations. In the diagnosis and assessment of hypertension, automated office blood pressure, taken without patient-health provider interaction, is now recommended as the preferred method of measuring in-office blood pressure.

Smoking cessation outcomes of referral to a specialist hospital outpatient clinic.

Background And Objectives: Hospital visits are an opportunity to engage smokers in tobacco treatment. However, little is known about engagement in follow-up referrals. The purpose of this study is to report the rates of program engagement and smoking cessation outcomes of patients referred to a specialist outpatient tobacco treatment program after a hospital visit or other referral.

The 2015 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.

The Canadian Hypertension Education Program reviews the hypertension literature annually and provides detailed recommendations regarding hypertension diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment. This report provides the updated evidence-based recommendations for 2015. This year, 4 new recommendations were added and 2 existing recommendations were modified.

Smoking cessation outcomes and predictors among individuals with co-occurring substance use and/or psychiatric disorders.

Objective: Individuals with substance use and psychiatric disorders have a high prevalence of tobacco use disorders and are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. However, it is unclear how having co-occurring disorders affects tobacco cessation. Our aim was to examine smoking cessation outcomes and relevant predictors of smoking cessation among smokers with substance use and/or psychiatric disorders.

The 2014 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.

Herein, updated evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in Canadian adults are detailed. For 2014, 3 existing recommendations were modified and 2 new recommendations were added. The following recommendations were modified: (1) the recommended sodium intake threshold was changed from ≤ 1500 mg (3.

Correlates of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among individuals with a history of substance use and/or psychiatric disorders participating in a tobacco treatment program in Vancouver, Canada.

Individuals with substance use (SUD) and/or psychiatric disorders (PD) are disproportionately affected by tobacco use; yet, little is known about secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in these populations. An analysis of existing data examined SHS exposure among 497 smokers in community clinics in Vancouver, Canada. Seventy-percent of the participants reported SHS exposure.

[Sex difference of functional and structural alterations in the myocardium of rats with hypothyroidism].

In experiments on sexually mature rats we studied specific cholinergic regulations of the heart and the degree of its structural damage in hypothyroidism, depending on gender and hormone-productive activity of the gonads. Hypothyroidism in sexually mature males and females was modelled with mercazolil intragastric administration (75 mg/kg) daily during 15 days. We also studied the intensity of bradycardia, which occurred in response to electrical stimulation of vagus nerve and intravenous acetylcholine administration.

Sex differences in nicotine dependence among addictions clients accessing a smoking cessation programme in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Most individuals in drug treatment programmes use tobacco and are dependent on nicotine. For 323 participants (65% men, mean age = 49.3 years) with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) and/or psychiatric disorders (PD) enrolled in a tobacco dependence clinic programme, we compared baseline characteristics among women and men and examined factors associated with nicotine dependence (ND).

[Age-dependent peculiarities of functional state of the cardiovascular system in children with cerebral palsy].

The age-dependent peculiarities of the functional state of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in children of 7-9 years old with cerebral palsy (CP) with moderately marked functional disorders have been studied. Statistically significant age difference in multiple indicators of central circulation has been detected. Age-dependent peculiarities of hemodynamic response in children with CP in response to dosed physical load have been revealed.

Sex differences in smoking cessation outcomes of a tailored program for individuals with substance use disorders and mental illness.

Tobacco use is highly prevalent among individuals with a history of substance use disorders (SUD) and/or mental illness (MI). Despite evidence of differences in smoking cessation (SC) outcomes between women and men, few studies have formally evaluated sex differences among SUD and/or MI populations. For 258 participants (62% male, mean age=48.

The tobacco-dependence clinic: intensive tobacco-dependence treatment in an addiction services outpatient setting.

We present outcomes from an intensive tobacco-dependence treatment program for addiction services clients at three different sites. Data from 202 participants were analyzed. For individuals who completed the program, the abstinence rate was 43%.

Optimizing assessment and treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in illicit drug users: a novel model incorporating multidisciplinary care and peer support.

Objectives: We evaluated assessment and treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) among illicit drug users accepting referral to a weekly HCV peer-support group at a multidisciplinary community health centre.

Methods: From March 2005 to 2008, HCV-infected individuals were referred to a weekly peer-support group and assessed for HCV infection. A retrospective chart review of outcomes 3 years after the initiation of the group was conducted (including HCV assessment and treatment).

Smoking cessation interventions among individuals in methadone maintenance: a brief review.

Background: Individuals in methadone maintenance treatment are motivated to quit smoking and are interested in smoking cessation treatment. However, few studies have assessed the efficacy of smoking cessation treatment for individuals undergoing methadone maintenance. The purpose of this article is to review interventions for tobacco use cessation among individuals in methadone maintenance with a particular emphasis on the components of such interventions and their effect on smoking cessation/reduction and drug use.

Best practices for smoking cessation interventions in primary care.

Background: In Canada, smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death. Family physicians and nurse practitioners are uniquely positioned to initiate smoking cessation. Because smoking is a chronic addiction, repeated, opportunity-based interventions are most effective in addressing physical dependence and modifying deeply ingrained patterns of beliefs and behaviour.