Morpho-cultural and molecular variability of causing Stemphylium leaf blight in tropical onions.

The cultural, morphological, and molecular variations among 22 isolates of (Wallr.) E. Simmons, collected from different locations, was carried out.

Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of short-day tropical Indian garlic ( L.).

Garlic, an asexually propagated bulbous crop, displays a wide diversity based on its morphological traits and biochemical compositions. This study investigated the genetic variability of Indian garlic through morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. Twenty-nine genotypes along with three Allium species as outgroup were included in the present study.

Anther-derived microspore embryogenesis in pepper hybrids orobelle and Bomby.

Background: Traditional breeding methods have long been employed worldwide for the evaluation and development of pepper cultivars. However, these methods necessitate multiple generations of screening, line development, evaluation, recognition, and crossing to obtain highly homozygous lines. In contrast, in vitro anther-derived microspore culture represents a rapid method to generate homozygous lines within a single generation.

Correlation of stages of microsporogenesis with bud and anther morphology in pepper genotypes through DAPI staining with different levels of mordant in cytological fixative.

The haploid and doubled haploid plants serve as valuable tools for breeders due to their ability to expedite the mapping of genes of agronomic importance, as well as accelerate the breeding cycle for generation of novel hybrids and improved homogenous varieties. Successful anther/microspore culture largely depends on the use of microspores at appropriate developmental stages at the time of culture, which can be specific for each plant species and genotype. In the present study, we described the visible morphological characteristics of flower buds and anthers at different developmental stages to identify the optimal microspore stage within the anther/buds of two pepper hybrids, Indra and Lakshmi.

Genetic Mechanisms for Hybrid Breeding in Vegetable Crops.

To address the complex challenges faced by our planet such as rapidly changing climate patterns, food and nutritional insecurities, and the escalating world population, the development of hybrid vegetable crops is imperative. Vegetable hybrids could effectively mitigate the above-mentioned fundamental challenges in numerous countries. Utilizing genetic mechanisms to create hybrids not only reduces costs but also holds significant practical implications, particularly in streamlining hybrid seed production.

Corrigendum: Genotypic variation in Na, K and their ratio in 45 commercial cultivars of Indian tropical onion: A pressing need to reduce hypertension among the population.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.

Genotypic variation in Na, K and their ratio in 45 commercial cultivars of Indian tropical onion: A pressing need to reduce hypertension among the population.

The intake of diets with higher sodium (Na) and lower potassium (K) has been considered a leading factor for the development of hypertension (HTN). Majority of junk, processed and packaged food have higher Na contents. To counter the effects of diet on HTN, the identification of high K/Na ratio plant-based food is needed.

Salt Tolerance Potential in Onion: Confirmation through Physiological and Biochemical Traits.

Production of many crops, including onion, under salinity is lagging due to limited information on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant onion genotypes based on physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with their differential responses. Thirty-six accessions were evaluated under control and salt stress conditions, and based on growth and bulb yield.

Screening of short-day onions for resistance to leaf blight in the seed-to-bulb stage (stage I) and bulb-to-seed stage (stage II).

leaf blight, caused by , is a very important fungal disease in onions since its epidemics are able to affect both the bulb yield and the seed quality. The aim of this study was to screen onion genotypes at stage I (seed to bulb) and further screen the identified resistant and susceptible genotypes at stage II (bulb to seed). One hundred and fifty-seven genotypes were screened against SLB under artificially inoculated field conditions.

Genetic diversity and population structure in onion ( L.) accessions based on morphological and molecular approaches.

Unlabelled: Bulb onion is cultivated throughout the world for consumption as vegetable and processed products. Although having high global demand and economic significance, information about genetic diversity and genomic resources is limited. This study investigated the variability of 96 accessions representing seventeen countries.

Development of polyclonal antibodies using bacterially expressed recombinant coat protein for the detection of (OYDV) and identification of virus free onion genotypes.

Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) belonging to the genus , family is one of the widely distributed viruses of species worldwide. It causes dwarfing, yellow striping, crinkling and flaccidity of the leaves of onion and garlic. To see the occurrence and incidence of OYDV on crop, an attempt was made to develop antibody based diagnostic assay which would be useful for routine indexing and screening of the germplasm.

Genetic diversity of Indian garlic core germplasm using agro-biochemical traits and SRAP markers.

The characterization of garlic germplasm improves its utility, despite the fact that garlic hasn't been used much in the past. Garlic has an untapped genetic pool of immense economic and medicinal value in India. Hence, using heuristic core collection approach, a core set of 46 accessions were selected from 625 Indian garlic accessions based on 13 quantitative and five qualitative traits.

Immunomodulatory and therapeutic activity of curcumin.

Inflammation is a disease of vigorous uncontrolled activated immune responses. Overwhelming reports have suggested that the modulation of immune responses by curcumin plays a dominant role in the treatment of inflammation and metabolic diseases. Observations from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies have provided strong evidence towards the therapeutic potential of curcumin.

First Report of Iris yellow spot virus on Garlic in India.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a spice crop of prime importance in India as well as other parts of the world. Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) is an important pathogen of onion bulb and seed crops in many parts of the world (3). The virus is also known to infect garlic and other Allium spp.

Dendritic cells and their receptors in antitumor immune response.

DCs are recognized as the pivotal group of lymphocytes, which induce a variety of antitumor immune responses. Enduring professional antigen presenting cells, DCs eminence to induce adaptive antitumor immune response was exploited, which showed promising results in DCs-based phased clinical studies. Nevertheless, DCs also influence other immune cells to induce multiple arms of immune system to cure cancer.

Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin: in-vivo.

Curcumin specifically exhibits cytostatic and cytotoxic effects against tumors of multiple origin. Previously we have demonstrated apoptotic activity of curcumin against tumor cells with no effect on normal cells in-vitro. Many anti-cancer drugs exhibit deleterious effects on immune cells, which restrict their wide use in-vivo.

The ischemia-responsive protein 94 (Irp94) activates dendritic cells through NK cell receptor protein-2/NK group 2 member D (NKR-P2/NKG2D) leading to their maturation.

Tumor recognition and killing, the uptake of released immunogenic substrate, and the generation of immunity are crucial aspects of dendritic cell (DC)-mediated antitumor immune response. In the context of direct tumoricidal activity, we have recently shown NK cell receptor protein-2 (NKR-P2)/NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) as a potent activation receptor on rat DCs. The activation of DCs with agonistic anti-NKR-P2 mAb, the binding of soluble NKR-P2 to the AK-5 tumor, and DC maturation with fixed AK-5 cells led us to identify a putative NKR-P2 ligand on the AK-5 cell surface.

Cross-linking a mAb to NKR-P2/NKG2D on dendritic cells induces their activation and maturation leading to enhanced anti-tumor immune response.

NKR-P2/NKG2D is the chief tumor recognition receptor of NK cells and some T cells, which recognizes stress inducible ligands on tumors and mediates cell activation. We have recently reported the involvement of NKR-P2 in rat dendritic cell (DC) activation. We demonstrate the potential of agonistic anti-NKR-P2 mAb (1A6), which mimics the NKR-P2 ligand and induces activation and maturation of DCs.

Heat stress induced apoptosis in BC-8 cells derived from AK-5 tumor involves downregulation of Bcl-2 and generation of reactive oxygen species.

BC-8, a rat histiocytoma undergoes apoptosis after heat shock, which is due to lack of an effective heat shock response. Heat shock induced generation of free radicals, which in turn are involved in the induction of apoptotic death in BC-8 cells. Treatment of BC-8 cells with N-acetylcysteine partially inhibited the heat induced apoptosis.

Comparative sequence and genetic analyses of asparagus BACs reveal no microsynteny with onion or rice.

The Poales (includes the grasses) and Asparagales [includes onion (Allium cepa L.) and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)] are the two most economically important monocot orders.

Biological effects of curcumin and its role in cancer chemoprevention and therapy.

Curcumin, a natural component of the rhizome of curcuma longa has emerged as one of the most powerful chemopreventive and anticancer agents. Its biological effects range from antioxidant, anti-inflammatory to inhibition of angiogenesis and is also shown to possess specific antitumoral activity. The molecular mechanism of its varied cellular effects has been studied in some details and it has been shown to have multiple targets and interacting macromolecules within the cell.

Activation of NFkappaB and Ub-proteasome pathway during apoptosis induced by a serum factor is mediated through the upregulation of the 26S proteasome subunits.

We have been investigating differential gene expression associated with apoptosis in AK-5 cells (a spontaneously regressing rat histiocytoma) and have observed catalytic subunits beta 7 and alpha 5 of the 26S proteasome and ubiquitin to be upregulated during apoptosis induced by a variety of agents. The observed elevation in gene expression was parallel to a comparable increase in the cytosolic protein expression of the proteasome and ubiquitin and a markedly amplified increase in the proteasome activity. Inhibition of the increase in gene expression resulted in the inhibition of the rise in the proteasome activity subsequently leading to an inhibition of apoptosis.

A transmembrane-anchored rat RAE-1-like transcript as a ligand for NKR-P2, the rat ortholog of human and mouse NKG2D.

NKG2D is a potent activating immunoreceptor that has been extensively characterized in NK cells and shown to lend costimulatory functions in CD8(+) T cells under certain conditions. The list is growing of ligands for NKG2D, which are distantly related to MHC class I molecule and are often up-regulated during cellular distress. Here, we describe the cloning of a novel (and incidentally the first) ligand for NKR-P2, the rat ortholog of human and mouse NKG2D, termed as rat RAE-1-like transcript (RRLT).