Purpose: Little is known about the risk of gallbladder toxicity from hypofractionated (HFXRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We report on gallbladder toxicity and attribution to treatment in a prospective series of patients with primary and metastatic liver tumors receiving ablative-intent HFXRT and SBRT with protons.
Methods And Materials: We evaluated 93 patients with intact gallbladders enrolled in either of 2 trials investigating proton HFXRT and SBRT for primary and metastatic liver tumors from 2009 to 2014.