Exploring American Elderberry Compounds for Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Antibacterial Properties Through High-Throughput Screening Assays Combined with Untargeted Metabolomics.

American elderberry ( subsp. ) is a rapidly emerging new perennial crop for Missouri, recognized for its high level of bioactive compounds with significant health benefits, including antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. A high-throughput screening assay combined with untargeted metabolomics analysis was utilized on American elderberry juice from 21 genotypes to explore and characterize these bioactive compounds.

Single Chelator-Minibody Theranostic Agents for Zr PET Imaging and Lu Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of PSMA-Expressing Prostate Cancer.

Here we describe an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) minibody (IAB2MA) conjugated to an octadentate, macrocyclic chelator based on four 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one coordinating units (Lumi804 [L804]) labeled with Zr (PET imaging) and Lu (radiopharmaceutical therapy), with the goal of developing safer and more efficacious treatment options for prostate cancer. L804 was compared with the current gold standard chelators, DOTA and deferoxamine (DFO), conjugated to IAB2MA for radiolabeling with Lu and Zr in cell binding, preclinical biodistribution, imaging, dosimetry, and efficacy studies in the PSMA-positive PC3-PIP tumor-bearing mouse model of prostate cancer. Quantitative radiolabeling (>99% radiochemical yield) of L804-IAB2MA with Lu or Zr was achieved at ambient temperature in under 30 min, comparable to Zr labeling of DFO-IAB2MA.

Evaluation of a bimodal, matched pair theranostic agent targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen.

Background: Prostate cancer affects 1 in 6 men, and it is the second‑leading cause of cancer-related death in American men. Surgery is one of the main treatment modalities for prostate cancer, but it often results in incomplete resection margins or complete resection that leads to nerve damage and undesirable side effects. In the present work, we have developed a new bimodal tracer, NODAGA-sCy7.

A universal artificial diet for corn rootworm ( spp.) larval biopesticide assays.

We identified a single diet formulation that can be used for three species including southern (SCR), western (WCR), and northern corn rootworm (NCR) by evaluating the performance of these pests on specialized diets (F9800B diet for SCR, WCRMO-2 diet for WCR, and NCRMO-1 diet for NCR) and a larval diet (F9772 diet) widely used for lepidopteran species. After 10 days of rearing, the WCRMO-2 diet yielded better or equal larval growth and development of all three rootworm species compared to other diets. For SCR larvae, the WCRMO-2 diet outperformed other diets.

Albumin-Binding Lutetium-177-Labeled LLP2A Derivatives as Theranostics for Melanoma.

Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is a transmembrane integrin protein that is highly expressed in aggressive forms of metastatic melanoma. A small-molecule peptidomimetic, LLP2A, was found to have a low pM affinity binding to VLA-4. Because LLP2A itself does not inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, it is an ideal candidate for the imaging and delivery of therapeutic payloads.

Quantification and characterization of biological activities of glansreginin A in black walnuts (Juglans nigra).

Glansreginin A has been reported to be an indicator of the quality of walnuts (Juglans spp.). However, bioactive properties of glansreginin A have not been adequately explored.

Detection of Atrazine and Its Metabolites in Natural Water Samples Using Photonic Molecularly Imprinted Sensors.

In a previous study, photonic-based molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were fabricated using atrazine (ATZ) and its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA) and desisopropylatrazine (DIA), as templates in separate matrices. For the purposes of monitoring the abovementioned molecules in natural waters, the effect of natural waters-featuring ionic strength and natural organic matter (NOM) on atrazine MIP-were studied in this work, and the photonic MIP was implemented for monitoring the target molecules in natural water samples collected from land in nearby farms in northeast of Columbia MO. Non-imprinted polymers (NIP) were also fabricated and applied in the experiments as a control test.

Quantification of Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids in Black Walnut ().

This paper aims to quantify the micronutrients in black walnut and address its human health benefits. The metabolic profiling of 11 black walnut cultivars was accomplished using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer. Results revealed that the highest concentration of vitamin B was present in cultivar "Daniel" (avg.

Toxicometabolomic profiling of resistant and susceptible western corn rootworm larvae feeding on Bt maize seedlings.

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is the most serious pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in the U.S.

p-NCS-Bn-NODAGA as a bifunctional chelator for radiolabeling with the Re/Tc-tricarbonyl core: Radiochemistry with model complexes and a GRPR-targeting peptide.

Introduction: With the goal of developing theranostic agents for application in radiopharmaceutical chemistry, in this work, we studied p-NCS-Bn-NODAGA (1) as a bifunctional chelator for the fac-[M(CO)] core (M = Re, Re, Tc). Specifically, we studied complexes of the formula [M(CO)(L)], where L denotes either Bn-NODAGA-Pyr (2) or Bn-NODAGA-Ser-Ser-RM2 (3).

Methods: The model bioconjugate molecule 2 was synthesized by conjugating pyrrolidine with 1, while 3 was derived from the conjugation of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting peptide Ser-Ser-RM2 with 1.

PET Imaging of VLA-4 in a New BRAF Mouse Model of Melanoma.

Purpose: Despite unprecedented responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy in melanoma, a major subset of patients progresses and have few effective salvage options. We have previously demonstrated robust, selective uptake of the peptidomimetic LLP2A labeled with Cu-64 ([Cu]-LLP2A) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in subcutaneous and metastatic models of B16F10 murine melanoma. LLP2A binds with high affinity to very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, integrin αβ), a transmembrane protein overexpressed in melanoma and other cancers that facilitates tumor growth and metastasis.

Detection of chlorantraniliprole residues in tomato using field-deployable MIP photonic sensors.

A photonic sensor based on inversed opal molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) film to detect the presence of chlorantraniliprole (CHL) residue in tomatoes was developed. Acrylic acid was polymerized in the presence of CHL inside the structure of a colloidal crystal, followed by etching of the colloids and CHL elution. Colloidal crystals and MIP films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR, confirming the inner structure and chemical structure of the material.

Profiling Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds Present in Black Walnuts () Using a High-Throughput Screening Approach.

Our recent studies have demonstrated multiple health-promoting benefits from black walnut kernels. These biological functions of black walnuts are likely associated with their bioactive constituents. Characterization of phenolic compounds found in black walnut could point out underexplored bioactive activities of black walnut extracts and promote the development of novel applications of black walnut and its by-products.

Identification and Quantification of Bioactive Molecules Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production in Spent Coffee Grounds Using Metabolomics Analyses.

In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory properties of spent coffee grounds. Methanolic extracts of spent coffee grounds obtained from 3 Arabica cultivars possess compounds that exerted inhibitory effects on the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) induced by a human pro-monocytic cell line differentiated with PMA and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results indicated that the cytokine suppressive activities of the spent coffee ground (SCG) extracts were different among coffee cultivars tested.

Black Walnut () Extracts Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Production From Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Promonocytic Cell Line U-937.

Black walnut ( L.) is an excellent source of health-promoting compounds. Consumption of black walnuts has been linked to many health benefits (e.

Identifying Antibacterial Compounds in Black Walnuts () Using a Metabolomics Approach.

Black walnut ( L.) is one of the most economically valuable hardwood species and a high value tree for edible nut production in the United States. Although consumption of black walnut has been linked to multiple health-promoting effects (e.