Outcomes of integrating livelihood into mental health and psychosocial support program among survivors of torture: A mixed-method study from western Nepal.

Introduction: From 1996 to 2006, Nepal experienced a decade-long armed conflict that adversely impacted survivors of torture. The conflict posed threats to various facets of their lives, such as men-tal health, socio-economic status, human rights, and the process of reintegration into their original communities. This study was done with the survivors of torture from the armed conflict.

O-PTIR spectroscopy for characterizing active pharmaceutical ingredient specific particle size distributions of nasal spray suspension products.

Evaluation of the particle size distribution (PSD) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in nasal suspension products is challenging due to the presence of both API and excipients. To characterize these intricate formulations, it is essential to have sophisticated analytical methods that offer high spatial resolution and the ability to chemically pinpoint and map out the presence of API particles. However, such advanced techniques have not been documented for nasal formulations yet.

Direct carotid cavernous fistula treated with transvenous approach: a case report.

Introduction: Carotid cavernous fistulas are uncommon vascular abnormalities marked by anomalous connections between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. The authors present a case of a direct carotid cavernous fistula and its successful treatment in a 42-year-old female.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old female presented with right eye painful swelling and visual disturbance.

Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma refractory to Burr hole surgery: A case report.

Middle meningeal artery embolization is a valuable alternative for chronic subdural hematoma refractory to Burr hole surgery. In a 61-year-old patient, this endovascular intervention effectively resolved the hematoma alleviating associated symptoms.

Nanoscale colocalized thermal and chemical mapping of pharmaceutical powder aerosols.

Inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosol formulations is widely used to treat respiratory diseases. Spatially resolved thermal characterization offers promise for better understanding drug release rates from particles; however, this has been an analytical challenge due to the small particle size (from a few micrometers down to nanometers) and the complex composition of the formulations. Here, we employ nano-thermal analysis (nanoTA) to probe the nanothermal domain of a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation containing a mixture of fluticasone propionate (FP), salmeterol xinafoate (SX), and excipient lactose, which is widely used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Stability of bacteriophages in organic solvents for formulations.

Bacteriophages or phages used as an alternative therapy for treating multi-drug resistant infections require formulation consideration. Current strategies to produce phage formulations involving organic solvents are based on empirical practices without a good understanding of phage stability during formulation development. In this study, we investigated the effect of common formulation organic solvents (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) on the stability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-specific myovirus (PEV1, PEV20) and podovirus (PEV31) phages using biological assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scattering near field optical microscopy (SNOM).

Refractory Lactic Acidosis and Hypoglycemia in a Patient With Metastatic Esophageal Cancer Due to the Warburg Effect.

The Warburg effect describes a phenomenon in which tumor cells switch their metabolic machinery towards a glycolytic state even in the presence of normal oxygen concentration, resulting in excess lactate production. Lactic acidosis due to the Warburg effect in malignancy is a rare but potentially life-threatening emergency mainly described in hematological malignancies but can occur in non-hematological solid malignancies. To our knowledge, we present the first reported case of lactic acidosis due to the Warburg effect in metastatic esophageal cancer.

A review on biology and possible management strategies of tomato leaf miner, (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae in Nepal.

(Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Tomato Leaf Miner (TLM) moth, is one of the notorious oligophagous pests of solanaceous crops that mines primarily on mesophyll of leaves as well bore tomato fruits. In Nepal, was detected in 2016 in a commercial tomato farm at Kathmandu. So, the farmers and researchers must heed for effective management contrivance to improve the yield of tomato in Nepal.

Bacteriophage endolysin powders for inhaled delivery against pulmonary infections.

Endolysins are bacteriophage-encoded enzymatic proteins that have great potential to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriophage endolysins Cpl-1 and ClyJ-3 have shown promising antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which causes pneumonia in humans. This is the first study to investigate the feasibility of spray-dried endolysins Cpl-1 and ClyJ-3 with excipients to produce inhalable powders.

Optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy for nanochemical analysis of pharmaceutical dry powder aerosols.

The aim of this research was to chemically analyse the distribution of drugs and excipients in pharmaceutical dry powder inhalation (DPI) aerosol particles of various sizes in solid state. The conventional wet assay of the chemical composition of particles after collection in a cascade impactor lacks the capability to differentiate spatially resolved morphology and chemical composition of particles in complex DPI formulations. In this proof-of-concept study, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of using optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR) to characterize micro- to nano-scale chemical composition of size-segregated particles of pharmaceutical DPI formulations.

Applications of AFM-IR for drug delivery vector characterization: infrared, thermal, and mechanical characterization at the nanoscale.

The development of effective drug delivery systems requires in-depth characterization of the micro- or nanostructure of the material vectors with high spatial resolution, resulting in a deep understanding of the design-function relationship and maximum therapeutic efficacy. Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) combines the high spatial resolution of AFM and the capabilities of IR spectroscopy to identify chemical composition and it has emerged as a powerful tool for the detailed characterization of a drug delivery system at the nanoscale. In addition, the instruments also allow thermal and mechanical evaluation at the nanoscale.

An overview on possible management strategies for coffee white stem borer Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Nepal.

The Coffee White Stem Borer (CWSB) is one of the most dreadful and destructive pests of coffee in Asian nations, causing significant production loss each year. CWSB has a narrow host range, with as their principal host. Once they bore into the stem of , the whole plant must be uprooted.

Assessing a pilot co-operative-based workshop-subsidy model toward improving small-scale chicken production in peri-urban Nepal.

Farmers in Nepal face many of the same global challenges associated with initiating and scaling poultry husbandry as many other developing countries. These include access to innovative approaches in finance, credit, coop design, marketing, and sales. As with most low-income countries, Nepalese poultry farmers also lack adequate training in poultry husbandry including biosecurity.

Transient quantum beatings of trions in hybrid organic tri-iodine perovskite single crystal.

Utilizing the spin degree of freedom of photoexcitations in hybrid organic inorganic perovskites for quantum information science applications has been recently proposed and explored. However, it is still unclear whether the stable photoexcitations in these compounds correspond to excitons, free/trapped electron-hole pairs, or charged exciton complexes such as trions. Here we investigate quantum beating oscillations in the picosecond time-resolved circularly polarized photoinduced reflection of single crystal methyl-ammonium tri-iodine perovskite (MAPbI) measured at cryogenic temperatures.

Preparation and Characterization of Inhalable Ivermectin Powders as a Potential COVID-19 Therapy.

Ivermectin has received worldwide attention as a potential COVID-19 treatment after showing antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 However, the pharmacokinetic limitations associated with oral administration have been postulated as limiting factors to its bioavailability and efficacy. These limitations can be overcome by targeted delivery to the lungs. In this study, inhalable dry powders of ivermectin and lactose crystals were prepared and characterized for the potential treatment of COVID-19.

Raman spectroscopic evaluation of crystallinity, chemical composition and stability of pharmaceutical powder aerosols.

Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and humidity on the physicochemical stability of inhalable spray-dried (SD) powders containing budesonide (BUD) and crystalline or amorphous lactose. Powders prepared by spray drying of BUD-lactose solution or suspension containing lactose crystals in BUD solution were stored for 0, 1 and 7 days at 25 °C/60 RH or 40 °C/75 RH. Bulk powders along with the large and small particle size fractions collected on stages 2 and 5, respectively, of the Next Generation Impactor (NGI) were chemically characterised.

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of Curcuma longa Linn. Rhizome extract against biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

More than 65% of all human bacterial infection are associated with biofilm. Bacteria in such biofilms are 10 to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics than free living bacteria cells. Organisms such as S.

Efficacy of bio-rational pesticides for the management of Guenee in Rupandehi, Nepal.

The field experiment was conducted from March to June of 2017 in field conditions at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal to evaluate the efficacy of botanicals, microbial, and chemical insecticide against Guenee. We assessed seven treatments including control in randomized complete block design with four replications and two sprays. The treatments evaluated for the management of were i) Jholmal, 250 ml/l of water ii) (Daman), 4 g/l water iii) Abamectin 5 % (Biotrine), 0.

Enteric-coated bacteriophage tablets for oral administration against gastrointestinal infections.

Intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly problematic in immunocompromised patients such as those in intensive care units in hospitals. Phage therapy is an attractive alternative or supplementary therapy to antibiotics as it not only kills multidrug-resistant bacteria, but also minimises the disruption of gut microflora. Solid oral dosage forms (i.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient with Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinical-radiological syndrome neurological disorder with varied symptoms which include headache, visual field defects, seizures, altered consciousness. It is a rare complication of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and results in life-threatening manifestations if not managed on time. Although reversible by definition, complications like status epilepticus, intracranial hemorrhage, and ischemic infarction may lead to mortality and morbidity.

Improved Protein Coverage in Bottom-Up Proteomes Analysis Using Fluoroalcohol-Mediated Supramolecular Biphasic Systems With Mixed Amphiphiles for Sample Extraction, Fractionation, and Enrichment.

A new class of supramolecular biphasic systems containing fluoroalcohol-induced coacervates (FAiC) provides concomitant fractionation of complex protein mixtures, high solubilizing power for extraction of various types of proteins, especially those with high hydrophobicity (such as membrane proteins), and enrichment of low-abundance proteins. Subsequently, the use of FAiC biphasic systems (BPS) in the bottom-up proteomics workflow resulted in significantly higher coverage for the whole proteome, various subproteomes, especially those embedded or associated with membranes, post-translationally modified proteins, and low-abundance proteins (LAPs) as compared to the conventional methodologies. In this work, we used a new type of FAiC-BPS composed of mixed amphiphiles, a zwitterionic surfactant 3-(,-dimethylmyristyl ammonia) propane sulfonate (DMMAPS), a quaternary ammonium salt (QUATS), and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the coacervator for extraction, fractionation, and enrichment of yeast proteome in bottom-up proteomics.

Co-spray dried hydrophobic drug formulations with crystalline lactose for inhalation aerosol delivery.

Spray drying is a rapid method for converting a liquid feed into dried particles for inhalation aerosols. Lactose is a major inhalation excipient used in spray-dried (SD) formulations. However, SD powders produced from solutions are usually amorphous hence unstable to moisture.

Dry powder pharmaceutical biologics for inhalation therapy.

Therapeutic biologics such as genes, peptides, proteins, virus and cells provide clinical benefits and are becoming increasingly important tools in respiratory medicine. Pulmonary delivery of therapeutic biologics enables the potential for safe and effective treatment option for respiratory diseases due to high bioavailability while minimizing absorption into the systemic circulation, reducing off-target toxicity to other organs. Development of inhalable powder formulation requires stabilization of complex biological materials, and each type of biologics may present unique challenges and require different formulation strategy combined with manufacture process to ensure biological and physical stabilities during production and over shelf-life.

Noise pollution and effectiveness of policy interventions for its control in Kathmandu, Nepal.

In Nepal, much emphasis has been given to the pollution of air, water, and solid waste both in terms of research and policymaking. Noise is an ignored pollutant, yet a growing public health concern in Kathmandu. This study is aimed at making an assessment of noise pollution in Kathmandu and study the effectiveness of the enforcement of noise standards and No Horn Regulation to control noise pollution.