Investigation of and gene polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to colorectal cancer.

Background: This study investigates the association of single nucleotide polymorphism in glutathione S transferase P1 (rs1695 and rs1138272) and phosphatase and TENsin homolog (rs701848 and rs2735343) with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Patients And Methods: In this case-control study, 250 healthy controls and 200 CRC patients were enrolled. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: healthy control, patients, and overall (control + patients).

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Smell dysfunction has been one of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) symptoms. Identification of those with these symptoms are important as olfactory impairment in general has been studied to have increased mortality, poor quality of life, increased incidence of depression and risk for dementia. Smell dysfunction related to Covid-19 in older adults and its impact is lesser studied.

Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet Surgery of the Foot and Ankle: A Review of Indications, Technique, Patient Satisfaction, and Complications.

Wide-awake surgery of the hand was surrounded by a lot of apprehension, mainly over concerns around using epinephrine near digits and its potential to cause digital ischemia and necrosis. With multiple reports underlining its safety and effectiveness, it is now being widely adopted in hand and wrist surgery. The British Society for Surgery of the Hand has already published guidelines on operating outside of main theatres, with an emphasis on wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT).

Clinicopathological presentation of liver abscesses and hydatid liver disease from two South African tertiary hospitals.

Background: Hepatic abscesses represent infections of the liver parenchyma from bacteria, fungi, and parasitic organisms. Trends in both abscess microbiology and management of abscesses (infective collections) have changed over the past decade. There is a paucity of published data regarding the clinicopathological features of liver abscesses in sub-Saharan Africa and other low-income and middle-income countries.

Mental health and sleep routines: Uttarkashi, India tunnel collapse workers' experience.

Among the mental health outcomes and disaster types (determined by damage to life, property, long-term consequences, displacement, and unpredictability), floods are associated with anxiety and sleep problems, mudslides with anxiety and mood disturbance, volcanic eruptions with acute stress reactions, and earthquakes with anxiety, depression, and physical complaints. Disasters such as tunnel collapse are unique as it involves the healthy, without loss of personal property or displacement; hence, they can have very different health-related outcomes. In this study, we explore mental health and sleep-related issues in workers rescued from an under-construction collapsed tunnel trapped for 17 days.

Viral-host molecular interactions and metabolic modulation: Strategies to inhibit flaviviruses pathogenesis.

Flaviviruses, which include globally impactful pathogens, such as West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue virus, contribute significantly to human infections. Despite the ongoing emergence and resurgence of flavivirus-mediated pathogenesis, the absence of specific therapeutic options remains a challenge in the prevention and treatment of flaviviral infections. Through the intricate processes of fusion, transcription, replication, and maturation, the complex interplay of viral and host metabolic interactions affects pathophysiology.

AneRBC dataset: a benchmark dataset for computer-aided anemia diagnosis using RBC images.

Visual analysis of peripheral blood smear slides using medical image analysis is required to diagnose red blood cell (RBC) morphological deformities caused by anemia. The absence of a complete anaemic RBC dataset has hindered the training and testing of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for computer-aided analysis of RBC morphology. We introduce a benchmark RBC image dataset named Anemic RBC (AneRBC) to overcome this problem.

Clinical and functional outcomes of utilising nail cement spacer as a frugal method of reconstruction for tumours of the proximal humerus.

Background: The shoulder girdle and proximal humerus are common sites for neoplastic lesions be it benign or malignant. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a frugal method of reconstruction of the proximal humerus for neoplastic lesions at short to medium term follow-up.

Methods: Data for this retrospective case series was collected from an electronic data base held at the primary authors institution.

Graphene Mitigates Nanoscale Tribochemical Wear of Silica Glass in Water.

Despite the ubiquitous use of glasses, their simultaneous susceptibility toward scratch-induced defects and atmospheric hydration deteriorates their mechanical and chemical durability. Here, it is demonstrated that the deposition of a few-layer graphene provides unprecedented wear resistance to silica glass in aqueous conditions. To this extent, nanoscale scratch tests are carried out on graphene-glass surfaces via contact-mode atomic force microscopy with chemically inert and reactive tips.

Analysis of the thermal distribution of a porous radial fin influenced by an inclined magnetic field with neural computing.

Fins and radial fins are versatile engineering components that significantly enhance heat transfer and thermal management in diverse applications, hence improving efficiency and performance across several sectors. This study examines the temperature distribution in a radial porous fin under steady-state conditions, evaluating the impact of several significant parameters by utilizing a novel methodology. We specifically introduce an inclined magnetic field and examine the effects of convection and internal heat generation on the thermal behavior of the fin.

5-years outcomes following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction comparing quadruple hamstring and peroneus longus tendon autografts: a randomized control trial.

Aims: This study presents clinical outcomes, functional results, and return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using quadruple hamstring tendon autograft or peroneus longus tendon autograft in a randomized controlled trial.

Patients And Methods: Between February 2018 and July 2019, patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were randomly assigned to two groups: hamstring and peroneus longus. Patient related outcome measurements and pain intensity were evaluated using IKDC, Lysholm, and visual analog scores at 3 and 6 months, 1, 2, and 5 years after the surgery.

Decoding the Risks of Fecal Incontinence: A Comprehensive Analysis of Closed Internal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissure.

Introduction An anal fissure is marked by a longitudinal tear in the mucosal lining of the lower anal canal, causing painful defecation and mild anal bleeding. The classical triad includes an anal ulcer, a sentinel tag, and a hypertrophic papilla. This study investigates the frequency of fecal incontinence in patients with anal fissure undergoing closed internal sphincterotomy, offering recent insights for treatment recommendations.

Seed priming with ascorbic acid and spermidine regulated auxin biosynthesis to promote root growth of rice under drought stress.

Introduction: Drought stress severely hampers seedling growth and root architecture, resulting in yield penalties. Seed priming is a promising approach to tolerate drought stress for stand establishment and root development.

Methods: Here, various seed priming treatments, .

Generalized fractional optimization-based explainable lightweight CNN model for malaria disease classification.

Over the past few decades, machine learning and deep learning (DL) have incredibly influenced a broader range of scientific disciplines. DL-based strategies have displayed superior performance in image processing compared to conventional standard methods, especially in healthcare settings. Among the biggest threats to global public health is the fast spread of malaria.

Scalp Lipofibromatosis - A case report on comprehensive management in a two-year-old child from Pakistan.

Lipofibromatosis is a rare benign soft tissue tumor that primarily affects children. There is limited cytological description and management of this rare condition in the literature which leads to misdiagnosis. The two years old patient first presented with a big, non-tender swelling on the scalp's right temporoparietal area.

Effect of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) on drug reduction for Parkinson's Disease: A retrospective observational study from Pakistan.

Objectives: To determine the effect of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) on drug reduction for Parkinson's disease (PD) in a low-middle-income country.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 49 patients following interview based questionnaires who underwent bilateral STN DBS at the Department of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan over five years (July 30, 2018 to June 29, 2023). Patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria (49 patients) were selected and the effect of bilateral STN DBS on drug reduction was evaluated.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees among Post-Graduate Residents of Neurosciences - A Nationwide Analysis from Pakistan.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of post-graduate residents of neurosciences towards research ethics (RE) and research ethics committees (RECs).

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted by the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, targeting post-graduate neuroscience residents throughout Pakistan during January and February, 2024. An English-language general questionnaire, designed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of RE and RECs, was adapted to reflect local conditions.

Surgical outcome of clipping in anterior circulation aneurysms.

Objective: To observe the outcome of surgical clipping in anterior circulation aneurysm in a modestly resourced hospital.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Neurosciences Lahore, from August 2022 to July 2023. Seventy five patients meeting the inclusion criteria of age <65, saccular aneurysm of anterior circulation, and Hunt and Hess grade one or two were enrolled through non-probability convenience sampling.

Morphine and P2Y12 Inhibitors in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Background: Morphine is used to control pain in ST-elevation myocardial infarction but reduces P2Y12 inhibition. It is not known if this modulation of platelet inhibition appreciably affects clinical outcomes.

Methods: We screened 979 articles and identified seven studies that met the eligibility criteria for meta-analysis.

A novel technique using integral transforms and residual functions for nonlinear partial fractional differential equations involving Caputo derivatives.

Fractional nonlinear partial differential equations are used in many scientific fields to model various processes, although most of these equations lack closed-form solutions. For this reason, methods for approximating solutions that occasionally yield closed-form solutions are crucial for solving these equations. This study introduces a novel technique that combines the residual function and a modified fractional power series with the Elzaki transform to solve various nonlinear problems within the Caputo derivative framework.

EA-CNN: Enhanced attention-CNN with explainable AI for fruit and vegetable classification.

The quality of vegetables and fruits are judged by their visual features. Misclassification of fruits and vegetables lead to a financial loss. To prevent the loss, superstores need to classify fruits and vegetables in terms of size, color and shape.

Coinfection and clinical impact of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli harboring diverse toxin variants and colonization factors: 2017-2022.

Objectives: The severity of the diarrhea disease is exacerbated by co-infections that involve Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and other enteric pathogens, which complicate the diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors of ETEC and its co-infections in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: The study used data from the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System at Dhaka Hospital, involving 16,276 patients from 2017 to 2022.

Clinical and functional outcomes of a modular fluted titanium stem in complex hip surgery with femoral bone loss.

Background: The tapered fluted titanium stem is a viable option for complex hip reconstruction. We therefore, evaluate the results of complex hip arthroplasty for femoral bone loss (Paprosky type IIIA to type IV femoral defect), using a modular fluted titanium stem.

Methods: Data for this retrospective study was collected from the medical records of the 2 participating orthopaedic units from December 2018 to December 2021.