Young adults with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the Houston Methodist Young ACS-PCI Registry.

Background: Limited data exist on the risk profile and prognosis of young patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study sheds light on the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in this population.

Methods: The Houston Methodist Young ACS-PCI registry is a retrospective analysis of young adults (18 to 50 years) undergoing PCI for ACS between 2010 and 2022.

Meta-Analysis of Dedicated vs Off-Label Transcatheter Devices for Native Aortic Regurgitation.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for high surgical risk patients with severe native aortic regurgitation (AR) presents unique challenges. Dedicated devices such as the JenaValve (JenaValve Technology) and J-Valve (JC Medical Inc) show promising results in addressing these challenges.

Objectives: This study compares the safety and efficacy of dedicated vs off-label devices among high surgical risk patients with pure native AR.

Outcomes of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in patients with mitral annular calcification: A meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of mitral annular calcification (MAC) on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (MTEER) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of MTEER among patients with moderate to severe MAC compared to those with mild or no MAC.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases through March 31st, 2024, comparing clinical outcomes of MTEER among patients with moderate/severe (MAC+) versus no/mild MAC (MAC-).

Zip Code Health Disparities: Mapping Cardiovascular Inequities at the Neighborhood Level.

This review examines the multifaceted impact of neighborhood-level social determinants of health (SDOH) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and outlines strategic interventions for mitigating cardiovascular health inequities. Research highlights that environmental and socioeconomic factors within a neighborhood-including education, unemployment, healthcare access, racial segregation, systemic inequities, air quality, housing quality, and other SDOH-influence CVD outcomes. Addressing CVD disparities necessitates a comprehensive strategy that integrates policy reform, enhanced community infrastructure, improved healthcare access, and community empowerment and leverages innovative technology to create equitable health outcomes across diverse populations.

Social Vulnerability Index and Cardiovascular Disease Care Continuum: A Scoping Review.

Background: Social vulnerability index (SVI) estimates the vulnerability of communities to disasters, encompassing 4 separate domains (socioeconomic, household composition and disability, minority status and language, and housing and transportation). The SVI has been linked with risk and outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objectives: This scoping review explored the literature between the SVI and CVD continuum, with a goal to identify gaps in understanding the impact of the SVI on CVD and to elucidate future research opportunities.

Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on the Processes of Care and Long-Term Mortality of Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study and Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background: A growing population of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, although little is known about their longer-term mortality.

Methods And Results: Using the MINAP (Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project) registry, linked to Office for National Statistics mortality data, we analyzed 363 559 UK patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, with or without CKD. Cox regression models were fitted, adjusting for baseline demographics.

Sex-Based Differences in Patients With Left Ventricular-Assisted Devices and Strokes.

Background: Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes among patients with stroke related to left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are not well described.

Objectives: In this study, the authors examined differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in men and women who had a stroke during LVAD hospitalization.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample from 2010 and 2019 was used to identify patients with stroke during LVAD hospitalization.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes and Cholesterol-Lowering Efficacy of PCSK9 Inhibitors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) thresholds are often not achieved in women. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) monoclonal antibodies can help further reduce LDL-C and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) although differences in efficacy by sex and type are less understood.

Objectives: The authors sought to determine if there are differences in the efficacy of LDL-C lowering and reduction in the risk of MACE by sex and type of PCSK9i.

Cardiovascular Health and Disease in the Pakistani American Population.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review seeks to elucidate clinical and social factors influencing cardiovascular health, explore the challenges and potential solutions for enhancing cardiovascular health, and identify areas where further research is needed to better understand cardiovascular issues in native and American Pakistani populations.

Recent Findings: The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease is high not only in Pakistan but also among its global diaspora. This situation is further complicated by the inadequacy of current cardiovascular risk assessment tools, which often fall short of accurately gauging the risk among Pakistani individuals, underscoring the urgent need for more tailored and effective assessment methodologies.

Percutaneous coronary intervention before transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A propensity score matched analysis.

Background: The role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who subsequently undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the association of PCI before TAVR with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: We used the TriNetX database (Jan 2012 - Aug 2022) and grouped patients into PCI (3 months or less) before TAVR and no PCI.

Association of cardiovascular risk profile with premature all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults: findings from a national study.

Objective: To assess the association between cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) profile and premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among US adults (age < 65).

Methods: This study used data from the National Health Interview Survey from 2006 to 2014, linked to the National Death Index for non-elderly adults aged < 65 years. A composite CRF score (range = 0-6) was calculated, based on the presence or absence of six established cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity.

ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Hospital Level Research: Potential, Precautions, and Prospects.

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized numerous sectors, including medical research. Among the various AI tools, OpenAI's ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art language model, has demonstrated immense potential in aiding and enhancing research processes. This review explores the application of ChatGPT in medical hospital level research, focusing on its capabilities for academic writing assistance, data analytics, statistics handling, and code generation.

Intravascular imaging guided versus coronary angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the absolute treatment effects of intravascular imaging guided versus angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary artery disease, considering their baseline risk.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to 31 August 2023.

Social disadvantage, coronary artery calcium, and their interplay in the prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events.

Background And Aims: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are key for the identification of populations at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, whether at the individual level SDOH improve current ASCVD risk prediction paradigms beyond traditional risk factors and the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, is unknown. We evaluated the interplay between CAC and SDOH in ASCVD risk prediction.

Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Risk-Prediction Model for 30-Day Readmission for Heart Failure Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR-HF Score).

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the treatment of choice for patients with severe aortic stenosis across the spectrum of surgical risk. About one-third of 30-day readmissions following TAVR are related to heart failure (HF). Hence, we aim to develop an easy-to-use clinical predictive model to identify patients at risk for HF readmission.

Outcomes With Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography Guidance in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Intracoronary imaging has become an important tool in the treatment of complex lesions with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This retrospective cohort study identified 1,118,475 patients with PCI from the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2017 to 2019. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were identified with appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes.