Surface-based hippocampal subfield segmentation.

Though it is often termed 'subcortical,' the hippocampus is composed of a folded 'archicortical' sheet contiguous with the neocortex. The human hippocampus varies considerably in its internal folding configuration, creating major challenges in interindividual alignment and parcellation into subfields. In this opinion article, we discuss surface-based methods that aim to explicitly model hippocampal folding, similar to methods used in the neocortex, allowing interindividual alignment in an unfolded or flat-mapped 2D space.

Salicylic acid underpins silicon in ameliorating chromium toxicity in rice by modulating antioxidant defense, ion homeostasis and cellular ultrastructure.

Chromium (Cr) phytotoxicity affirmed the need of mitigation strategies to remediate polluted soils and restricts its accumulation in the food chains. Salicylic acid (SA) and silicon (Si) play pivotal roles in stimulating the plant performance and stress resilience. So far, their interactive effects against Cr-phytotoxicities are less known.

CD38-Directed Therapies for Management of Multiple Myeloma.

The survival outcomes for multiple myeloma have improved several-fold in the past two decades, primarily due to the introduction of therapies with novel mechanisms of action including immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors, stem cell transplant and monoclonal antibodies in the schema of therapy. Antibody-based therapies targeting the surface marker CD38, namely daratumumab and isatuximab, have emerged as being highly effective as single agents as well as in combination regimens for both newly diagnosed and relapsed settings. Herein, the authors summarize the most recent data with both the current and emerging CD38-directed therapies in multiple myeloma.

Design and characterization of a 3D-printed axon-mimetic phantom for diffusion MRI.

Purpose: To introduce and characterize inexpensive and easily produced 3D-printed axon-mimetic diffusion MRI phantoms in terms of pore geometry and diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics.

Methods: Phantoms were 3D-printed with a composite printing material that, after the dissolution of the polyvinyl alcohol, exhibits microscopic fibrous pores. Confocal microscopy and synchrotron phase-contrast micro-CT imaging were performed to visualize and assess the pore sizes.

F-FDG PET-guided diffusion tractography reveals white matter abnormalities around the epileptic focus in medically refractory epilepsy: implications for epilepsy surgical evaluation.

Background: Hybrid PET/MRI can non-invasively improve localization and delineation of the epileptic focus (EF) prior to surgical resection in medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), especially when MRI is negative or equivocal. In this study, we developed a PET-guided diffusion tractography (PET/DTI) approach combining F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) and diffusion MRI to investigate white matter (WM) integrity in MRI-negative MRE patients and its potential impact on epilepsy surgical planning.

Methods: FDG-PET and diffusion MRI of 14 MRI-negative or equivocal MRE patients were used to retrospectively pilot the PET/DTI approach.

Correcting physiological noise in whole-head functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been increasingly employed to monitor cerebral hemodynamics in normal and diseased conditions. However, fNIRS suffers from its susceptibility to superficial activity and systemic physiological noise. The objective of the study was to establish a noise reduction method for fNIRS in a whole-head montage.

Characterizing white matter alterations subject to clinical laterality in drug-naïve de novo Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a range of motor and nonmotor symptoms, often with the motor dysfunction initiated unilaterally. Knowledge regarding disease-related alterations in white matter pathways can effectively help improve the understanding of the disease and propose targeted treatment strategies. Microstructural imaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), allows inspection of white matter integrity to study the pathogenesis of various neurological conditions.

SURGICAL FAILURES AFTER PRIMARY SCLERAL BUCKLING FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT: Comparison of Eyes With and Without Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To compare proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)-related surgical failure and non-PVR-associated failure after scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: In this single-center, retrospective, consecutive case series, eyes with surgical failure after scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were identified. Eyes with surgical failure were categorized as PVR-associated and non-PVR-associated failure, and these groups were compared.

Exploring natural colorant behavior of husk of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat species for sustainable cotton fabric dyeing.

Revival of natural colorants in textile dyeing is one of the important strategies to reduce synthetic chemical-based environmental pollution. The study has been conducted to explore the coloring potential of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum astivum L.

Production of a broad spectrum streptothricin like antibiotic from halotolerant Streptomyces fimbriatus isolate G1 associated with marine sediments.

Streptomyces have been reported as a remarkable source for bioactive secondary metabolites with complex structural and functional diversity. In this study, 35 isolates of genus Streptomyces were purified from rhizospheric and marine soils collected from previously unexplored habitats and screened for antimicrobial activities. One of these isolates, G1, when tested in vitro, was found highly active against wide range of microbes including Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and different fungal pathogens.

Brain-wide functional diffuse optical tomography of resting state networks.

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has the potential in reconstructing resting state networks (RSNs) in human brains with high spatio-temporal resolutions and multiple contrasts. While several RSNs have been reported and successfully reconstructed using DOT, its full potential in recovering a collective set of distributed brain-wide networks with the number of RSNs close to those reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not been demonstrated.The present study developed a novel brain-wide DOT (BW-DOT) framework that integrates a cap-based whole-head optode placement system with multiple computational approaches, i.

Expanding telehealth options during the COVID pandemic eliminated racial and age disparities in electronic communication by inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Background: Electronic messaging and telemedicine visits increased during the COVID pandemic. African-Americans and older patients have less frequently used electronic messaging with their physicians. This study compares the utilization of virtual health care before and during the COVID pandemic for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Performance and Determinants of Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C-Based GFR Estimating Equations in South Asians.

Introduction: The creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation was calibrated for the general Pakistan population (eGFRcr-PK) to eliminate bias and improve accuracy. Cystatin C-based CKD-EPI equations (eGFRcys and eGFRcr-cys) have not been assessed in this population, and non-GFR determinants of cystatin C are unknown.

Methods: We assessed eGFRcys, eGFRcr-cys, and non-GFR determinants of cystatin C in a cross-sectional study of 557 participants (≥40 years of age) from Pakistan.

Acute conceptual disorganization in untreated first-episode psychosis: a combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion imaging study of the cingulum.

Background: Disorganized thinking is a core feature of acute psychotic episodes that is linked to social and vocational functioning. Several lines of evidence implicate disrupted cognitive control, excitatory overdrive and oxidative stress relating to the anterior cingulate cortex as mechanisms of conceptual disorganization (CD). We examined 3 candidate mechanistic markers related to CD in firstepisode psychosis: glutamate excess, cortical antioxidant (glutathione) status and the integrity of the cingulum bundle that connects regions implicated in cognitive control.

Yttrium-90 Radioembolization to the Prostate Gland: Proof of Concept in a Canine Model and Clinical Translation.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and absorbed-dose distribution of prostatic artery radioembolization (RE) in a canine model.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen male castrated beagles received dihydroandrosterone/estradiol to induce prostatic hyperplasia for the duration of the study. Each dog underwent fluoroscopic prostatic artery catheterization.

Epiretinal Membrane Surgery after Retinal Detachment Repair: Visual Acuity Outcomes and OCT Analysis.

Purpose: To assess visual acuity (VA) outcomes of epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery following primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) repair and to identify OCT features predictive of visual outcomes.

Design: Retrospective, consecutive case series.

Subjects: Eyes undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with membrane peel (MP) surgery for ERM following primary RD repair (PPV with or without scleral buckle (SB) and gas tamponade).

A new proactive virtual resource center navigation model identifies patient risk factors to reduce barriers to cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated cancer treatment disparities, including accessibility to resources. We describe the process and outcomes of a new proactive, virtual nurse-led, resource center navigation model enhanced by using volunteer patient navigators. Using known patient risk factors, this model provides interventions to reduce barriers to care, with an emphasis on non-English-speaking populations.

Hippocampal neuroanatomy in first episode psychosis: A putative role for glutamate and serotonin receptors.

Disrupted serotonergic and glutamatergic signaling interact and contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, which is particularly relevant for the hippocampus where diverse expression of serotonin receptors is noted. Hippocampal atrophy is a well-established feature of schizophrenia, with select subfields hypothesized as particularly vulnerable due to variation in glutamate receptor densities. We investigated hippocampal anomalies in first-episode psychosis (FEP) in relation to receptor distributions by leveraging 4 sources of data: (1) ultra high-field (7-Tesla) structural neuroimaging, and (2) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of glutamate from 27 healthy and 41 FEP subjects, (3) gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and (4) atlases of the serotonin receptor system.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Patients with HIV/AIDS in Lahore, Pakistan: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Depression is defined as a psychiatric disorder characterized by depressed mood, lack of concentration, diminished energy, disturbed sleep, and low self-esteem. Depression is more prevalent in HIV/AIDS patients than the general population. There is no published study available that reveals the present status of depression among HIV patients in Pakistan.