Locating Insulation Defects in HV Substations Using HFCT Sensors and AI Diagnostic Tools.

In general, a high voltage (HV) substation can be made up of multiple insulation subsystems: an air insulation subsystem (AIS), gas insulation subsystem (GIS), liquid insulation subsystem (power transformers), and solid insulation subsystem (power cables), all of them with their grounding structures interconnected and linked to the substation earth. Partial discharge (PD) pulses, which are generated in a HV apparatus belonging to a subsystem, travel through the grounding structures of the others. PD analyzers using high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensors, which are installed at the connections between the grounding structures, are sensitive to these traveling pulses.

The immunoglobulin heavy chain super enhancer controls class switch recombination in developing B cells.

Class switch recombination (CSR) plays an important role in adaptive immune response by enabling mature B cells to replace the initial IgM by another antibody class (IgG, IgE or IgA). CSR is preceded by transcription of the IgH constant genes and is controlled by the super-enhancer 3' regulatory region (3'RR) in an activation-specific manner. The 3'RR is composed of four enhancers (hs3a, hs1-2, hs3b and hs4).

Scale Modular Test Platform for the Characterization of PD Measuring Systems Using HFCT Sensors.

Today, online partial discharge (PD) measurements are common practice to assess the condition status of dielectrics in high-voltage (HV) electrical grids. However, when online PD measurements are carried out in electrical facilities, several disadvantages must be considered. Among the most important are high levels of changing electrical noise and interferences, signal phase couplings (cross-talk phenomena), and the simultaneous presence of various defects and difficulties in localizing and identifying them.

Advocacy for Epilepsy Surgery in Africa: Moroccan Experience of 132 Cases.

Background: In Africa, epilepsy is a real burden. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common drug-resistant focal epilepsy disorder, and temporal lobectomy is the most common effective treatment for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: We aim to highlight the Moroccan experience in epilepsy surgery and to ascertain its long-term outcome.

Evaluation of unruptured aneurysm scoring systems and ratios in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms.

Background: This study aims to appraise aneurysm scores and ratios' ability to discriminate between ruptured aneurysms and unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients harboring multiple intracranial aneurysms (MICAs). We, then, investigate the most frequent risk factors associated with MICAs.

Methods: We retrospectively applied unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment score (UIATS) and population hypertension age size of aneurysm earlier SAH from another aneurysm site of aneurysm (PHASES) score, aspect, and dome-to-neck ratio to the 59 consecutive spontaneous SAH patients with MICAs admitted between January 2000 and December 2015 to the Department of Neurosurgery of the University Hospital Center "Hôpital des Spécialités" of Rabat (Morocco).

Stem cell-like reprogramming is required for leukemia-initiating activity in B-ALL.

B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a multistep disease characterized by the hierarchical acquisition of genetic alterations. However, the question of how a primary oncogene reprograms stem cell-like properties in committed B cells and leads to a preneoplastic population remains unclear. Here, we used the PAX5::ELN oncogenic model to demonstrate a causal link between the differentiation blockade, the self-renewal, and the emergence of preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs).

Metrological Qualification of PD Analysers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids.

On-site partial discharge (PD) measurements have turned out to be a very efficient technique for determining the insulation condition in high-voltage electrical grids (AIS, cable systems, GIS, HVDC converters, etc.); however, there is not any standardised procedure for determining the performances of PD measuring systems. In on-line and on-site PD measurements, high-frequency current transformers (HFCTs) are commonly used as sensors as they allow for monitoring over long distances in high-voltage installations.

New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids.

A synthetic partial discharge (PD) calibrator has been developed to qualify PD analyzers used for insulation diagnosis of HVAC and HVDC grids including cable systems, AIS, GIS, GIL, power transformers, and HVDC converters. PD analyzers that use high-frequency current transformers (HFCT) can be qualified by means of the metrological and diagnosis tests arranged in this calibrator. This synthetic PD calibrator can reproduce PD pulse trains of the same sequence as actual representative defects (cavity, surface, floating potential, corona, SF protrusion, SF jumping particles, bubbles in oil, etc.

Outcome of Brain Metastases Treated with Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 205 Cases.

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common expansive intracranial lesions in adults. Approximately 50% of patients diagnosed with new BMs will have >1 BM at the diagnosis. We report our experience with BMs treated with Leksell Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) and evaluate the outcomes.

Outcomes of single brain metastasis treated with gamma knife stereotaxic radiosurgery(GKSR). Our experience on 103 cases.

Background: Brain metastases (BM) occur in the natural course of malignant tumors in 18-40% of cases. Their management has changed considerably over the past decade thanks to the advent of Gamma knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (GKSR).

Objective: We report our experience on Single Brain metastasis treated with (GKSR).

Mathematical modeling of Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth in carrot juice influenced by Thymbra capitata essential oil, heat treatment, and storage temperature.

The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model describing the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in carrot juice treated with Thymbra capitata essential oil combined with mild heat treatment and stored at different temperatures. The viable count method was used to investigate the effect of the treatment on bacterial survival, and the response surface methodology was used to develop a statistical model fitting the data. The results showed that the variance of bacterial growth is explained by storage temperature (37 %) and heat treatment (35 %), these are followed by Thymbra capitata essential oil (18 %) and their interaction (9 %).

Switch Tandem Repeats Influence the Choice of the Alternative End-Joining Pathway in Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination.

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) plays an important role in humoral imm\une responses by changing the effector functions of antibodies. CSR occurs between highly repetitive switch (S) sequences located upstream of immunoglobulin constant gene exons. Switch sequences differ in size, the nature of their repeats, and the density of the motifs targeted by the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), the enzyme that initiates CSR.

Calibration of On-Board Energy Measurement Systems Installed in Locomotives for AC Distorted Current and High Voltage Waveforms and Determination of Its Uncertainty Budget.

Periodic calibrations of Energy Measurement Systems (EMS) installed in locomotives must be carried out to demonstrate the required accuracy established in the EN 50463-2 standard according to European Parliament and Council Directive 2008/57/EC on the interoperability of rail systems within the Community. As a result of the work performed in the "MyRailS" EURAMET project an AC calibration facility was developed consisting of a fictive power source was developed. This fictive power source can generate distorted sinusoidal voltages up to 25 kV-50 Hz and 15 kV-16.

Management of Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture: Case Series of 32 patients.

Introduction: Volkmann's contracture condition is of high prevalence in our population and is linked to therapeutic faults. The treatment and its results are determined according to the severity of the lesions.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed in three centers and was conducted over 30 years (1987-2018); it included 32 patients.

Long-Range Control of Class Switch Recombination by Transcriptional Regulatory Elements.

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) plays a crucial role in adaptive immune responses through a change of the effector functions of antibodies and is triggered by T-cell-dependent as well as T-cell-independent antigens. Signals generated following encounter with each type of antigen direct CSR to different isotypes. At the genomic level, CSR occurs between highly repetitive switch sequences located upstream of the constant gene exons of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.

Laboratory Calibration of Energy Measurement Systems (EMS) under AC Distorted Waveforms.

Current standard EN 50463-2 indicates the tests and the requirements to be satisfied for an energy measurement system of a traction unit for railway applications. Some of these tests are to be done with several harmonics superposed on the rated voltage, respectively current. However, no calibration systems satisfying the standard requirements were available few years ago.

Mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination by IgH transcriptional control elements.

Class switch recombination (CSR) plays an important role in humoral immunity by generating antibodies with different effector functions. CSR to a particular antibody isotype is induced by external stimuli, and occurs between highly repetitive switch (S) sequences. CSR requires transcription across S regions, which generates long non-coding RNAs and secondary structures that promote accessibility of S sequences to activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID).

The impact of African-trained neurosurgeons on sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) represents 17% of the world's land, 14% of the population, and 1% of the gross domestic product. Previous reports have indicated that 81/500 African neurosurgeons (16.2%) worked in SSA-i.

Recombination may occur in the absence of transcription in the immunoglobulin heavy chain recombination centre.

Developing B cells undergo V(D)J recombination to generate a vast repertoire of Ig molecules. V(D)J recombination is initiated by the RAG1/RAG2 complex in recombination centres (RCs), where gene segments become accessible to the complex. Whether transcription is the causal factor of accessibility or whether it is a side product of other processes that generate accessibility remains a controversial issue.

Essential role of the initial activation signal in isotype selection upon deletion of a transcriptionally committed promoter.

Class switch recombination (CSR), which targets exclusively the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus, plays an important role in humoral immunity by generating different antibody effector functions. The IgH constant locus contains multiple genes controlled by isotype (I) promoters induced by extracellular signals that activate specific I promoters, leading to B cell commitment. However, it is unknown whether after initial commitment to one promoter, non-responsive I promoters are irreversibly silent or if they can be activated after exposure to their specific inducers.