Long-term outcomes for large for gestational age infants born at term.

Aim: Large for gestational age (LGA) babies have increased risks for short-term outcomes such as shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycaemia and longer hospital stay. Little is known of long-term health, development and educational outcomes of LGA babies. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term health, mortality, development and educational outcomes for infants born LGA at term.

Women's views about the timing of birth.

Background: Estimated date of birth (EDB) is used to guide the care provided to women during pregnancy and birth, although its imprecision is recognised. Alternatives to the EDB have been suggested for use with women however their attitudes to timing of birth information have not been examined.

Aims: To explore women's expectations of giving birth on or near their EDB, and their attitudes to alternative estimates for timing of birth.

High maternal iron status, dietary iron intake and iron supplement use in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study and systematic review.

Aim: High iron measured using dietary intake and biomarkers is associated with Type 2 diabetes. It is uncertain whether a similar association exists for gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this systematic review was to conduct a cohort study examining first trimester body iron stores and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes, and to include these findings in a systematic review of all studies examining the association between maternal iron status, iron intake (dietary and supplemental) and the risk of gestational diabetes.

Dietary vitamin, mineral and herbal supplement use: a cross-sectional survey of before and during pregnancy use in Sydney, Australia.

Aim: To describe the use of dietary vitamin, mineral and herbal supplements before and during pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant women attending for antenatal care at two tertiary Sydney hospitals between January and March 2014 completed an anonymous survey. Information on general maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the use of dietary and herbal supplements, including type, duration and sources of information, was collected.

Iron deficiency in early pregnancy using serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor concentrations are associated with pregnancy and birth outcomes.

Background/objectives: There are several biomarkers for measuring iron deficiency (ID) in pregnancy, but the prevalence of ID and its association with inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes is inconclusive. The aim of this work was to describe the prevalence and determinants of first trimester ID and associations with pregnancy and birth outcomes.

Subjects/methods: A record-linkage cohort study of archived serum samples of women attending first trimester screening and birth and hospital data to ascertain maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes.

High maternal serum ferritin in early pregnancy and risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

Previous studies have reported inconsistent associations between maternal serum ferritin concentrations and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). The aim of the present study was to examine the association between Fe biomarkers, including serum ferritin concentrations, and the risk of total ( 75th percentile ( ≥ 43 μg/l) (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.

Methods of classification for women undergoing induction of labour: a systematic review and novel classification system.

Background: A lack of reproducible methods for classifying women having an induction of labour (IOL) has led to controversies regarding IOL and related maternal and perinatal health outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate articles that classify IOL and to develop a novel IOL classification system.

Search Strategy: Electronic searches using CINAHL, EMBASE, WEB of KNOWLEDGE, and reference lists.

Iron supplement use in pregnancy - Are the right women taking the right amount?

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and determinants of iron supplement use and the amount of iron consumed from iron-containing supplements.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in antenatal clinics in two tertiary hospitals in Sydney, Australia between January and March 2014.

Results: Of 612 (91% response rate) pregnant women, 589 with complete data were analysed.

Women's beliefs about the duration of pregnancy and the earliest gestational age to safely give birth.

Background: American evidence suggests women are not well informed about the optimal duration of pregnancy or the earliest time for safe birth. Similar evidence does not exist in Australia.

Aims: To explore pregnant women's beliefs about the duration of pregnancy and the earliest time for safe birth, and to compare the results with US data.

Maternal body weight and first trimester screening for chromosomal anomalies.

Prenatal risk ratios for Down syndrome adjust for maternal weight because maternal serum biomarker levels decrease with increasing maternal weight. This is accomplished by converting serum biomarker values into a multiple of the expected median (MoM) for women of the same gestational age. Weight is frequently not recorded, and the impact of using MoMs not adjusted for weight for calculating risk ratios is unknown.

Morphine is associated with acute chest syndrome in children hospitalized with sickle cell disease.

Objective: To determine if intravenous morphine is associated with acute chest syndrome (ACS) in children with homozygous for hemoglobin S sickle cell disease (SCD) hospitalized with acute pain.

Methods: Health records of patients with homozygous for hemoglobin S SCD aged 2 to 18 years hospitalized with acute pain were reviewed. Patients developed ACS at least 12 hours after emergency department triage; controls did not develop ACS.

Effects of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the first trimester on subsequent pregnancy outcomes in an Australian population.

Background: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations during pregnancy have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a few studies but not in other studies.

Objectives: We assessed the serum 25(OH)D concentration at 10-14 wk of pregnancy and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes and examined the predictive accuracy.

Design: In this nested case-control study, we measured serum 25(OH)D in 5109 women with singleton pregnancies who were attending first-trimester screening in New South Wales, Australia.

Clobetasol propionate, 0.05%, vs hydrocortisone, 1%, for alopecia areata in children: a randomized clinical trial.

Importance: Alopecia areata is an idiopathic cause of hair loss with limited therapeutic repertoire.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a high- vs low-potency topical corticosteroid in pediatric patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-center, randomized, blind, 2-arm, parallel-group, superiority trial was carried out over a 24-week period at a tertiary referral academic dermatology clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Predicting date of birth and examining the best time to date a pregnancy.

Objective: To compare the estimated date of birth (eDOB) from the last menstrual period (LMP) and ultrasound scans at varying gestations (<7(0), 7(0)-10(6), 11(0)-14(0), 14(1)-19(6), and 20(0)-27(6)weeks) with the actual date of birth (aDOB).

Methods: In a retrospective study, data were analyzed from 18 708 women with spontaneous labor who delivered a single neonate without major anomalies in a local health district in Australia between 2007 and 2011. Data were sourced from a computerized population birth database.

Episiotomy rate in Vietnamese-born women in Australia: support for a change in obstetric practice in Viet Nam.

Objective: To describe the use of episiotomy among Vietnamese-born women in Australia, including risk factors for, and pregnancy outcomes associated with, episiotomy.

Methods: This population-based, retrospective cohort study included data on 598 305 singleton, term (i.e.

Occurrence and recurrence of diabetes in pregnancy.

Aims: To determine occurrence and recurrence rates of gestational diabetes among women having at least two consecutive pregnancies. Risk factors for recurrence of gestational diabetes and rates of second/third pregnancy pre-existing diabetes mellitus were also assessed.

Methods: Population-based study using longitudinally linked hospital discharge and birth records (2001-2009) in NSW, Australia.

Co-occurrence of obesogenic risk factors among adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, sociodemographic distribution, and co-occurrence of five potentially obesogenic behavioral risk factors (low physical activity, high screen time, low fruit and vegetable intake, high soft drink consumption, and high snack intake) among adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional representative population survey (n = 1,568) of grade 6, 8, and 10 students (49% male) randomly selected from 70 primary and secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia, between February and May 2007. Co-occurrence was assessed using an observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) method.

The quality of dietary intake methodology and reporting in child and adolescent obesity intervention trials: a systematic review.

Assessing dietary intake is important in evaluating childhood obesity intervention effectiveness. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the dietary intake methods and reporting in intervention studies that included a dietary component to treat overweight or obese children. A systematic review of studies published in the English language, between 1985 and August 2010 in health databases.

First trimester screening of maternal placental protein 13 for predicting preeclampsia and small for gestational age: in-house study and systematic review.

Objective: To describe normative levels of PP13 in first trimester of pregnancy and determine the accuracy of PP13 in predicting preeclampsia and small for gestational age (SGA) infants.

Methods: We measured PP13 in archived first trimester serum samples from an unselected maternal cohort of 2989 women. Associations of PP13 levels and diagnostic accuracy in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models.

Prevalence and sociodemographic factors of malnutrition among children in Malaysia.

Background: For many developing countries undergoing rapid economic growth and urbanization, trends in nutritional status indicate a decrease in malnutrition with an associated rise in the prevalence of obesity. An understanding of the situation among children in Malaysia is lacking.

Objective: To examine the prevalence, trends and sociodemographic factors described for underweight and overweight children in Malaysia.

Maternal and infant characteristics by mode of vitamin K prophylaxis administration.

Aim:   The aim of this study was to compare maternal and infant characteristics by mode of VK administration.

Methods:   De-identified computerised birth files of all babies born in New South Wales (NSW), Australia between January 2007 and December 2009 (when VK prophylaxis was measured) were included in the present study. The outcome variable, mode of VK prophylaxis, was recorded by checkbox as oral, IM injection, none or not stated.

Accuracy of weight perception, life-style behaviours and psychological distress among overweight and obese adolescents.

Aim: To compare overweight and obese adolescents with accurate and inaccurate self-reported weight perception across a range of behaviours and measures of psychological well-being.

Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional survey of grade 7-12 high school students in New South Wales, Australia, conducted in 2008 (n= 7553). Overweight and obese students based on body mass index were classified as accurate perceivers (weight perception was 'too fat') or inaccurate perceivers (weight perception was 'about right').

Burden of anemia among indigenous populations.

An international perspective of the magnitude of anemia in indigenous peoples is currently lacking. The present systematic review was performed to characterize the global prevalence, severity, and etiology of anemia in indigenous peoples by conducting a systematic search of original research published in English from 1996 to February 2010 using PubMed, Medline, and Embase. A total of 50 studies, representing the following 13 countries, met the inclusion criteria: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, the United States, and Venezuela.

A synthesis of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of school-based behavioural interventions for controlling and preventing obesity.

Schools are an attractive and popular setting for implementing interventions for children. There is a growing body of empirical research exploring the efficacy of school-based obesity prevention programs. While there have been several reviews on the topic, findings remain mixed.

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Nauru.

Background: No comprehensive assessment of diabetes prevalence in Nauru has been conducted since an extreme prevalence was documented more than two decades ago. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose.

Methods: A nationwide survey in 2004 of people aged 15- 64 years (n = 1592).