Kingianic acids A-G, Endiandric acid analogues from Endiandra kingiana.

A phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the bark of Endiandra kingiana led to the isolation of seven new tetracyclic endiandric acid analogues, kingianic acids A-G (1-7), together with endiandric acid M (8), tsangibeilin B (9) and endiandric acid (10). Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis in combination with HRMS experiments. The structure of compounds 9 and 10 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by tribal and native people of Madhupur forest area, Bangladesh.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Madhupur forest area, Tangail is one of early human settlements in Bangladesh. Having abode in the vicinity of the forest, a strong ethnobotanical practice has prevailed in this area since ancient time. Due to the rapid deforestation during the last few decades, many plants have already disappeared or are facing extinction.

Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of o-carboxamido stilbene analogues.

Resveratrol, a natural stilbene found in grapes and wines exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. Resveratrol is also known as a good chemopreventive agent for inhibiting carcinogenesis processes that target kinases, cyclooxygenases, ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerases. A total of 19 analogues with an amide moiety were synthesized and the cytotoxic effects of the analogues on a series of human cancer cell lines are reported.

Induction of apoptosis in melanoma A375 cells by a chloroform fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds involves NF-kappaB, p53 and Bcl-2-controlled mitochondrial signaling pathways.

Background: Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze (scientific synonyms: Vernonia anthelmintica; black cumin) is one of the ingredients of an Ayurvedic preparation, called "Kayakalp", commonly applied to treat skin disorders in India and Southeast Asia. Despite its well known anti-inflammatory property on skin diseases, the anti-cancer effect of C.

Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via caspase pathway by vernodalin isolated from Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds.

Background: Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds (CA) is a well known medicinal herb in Indian sub-continent. We recently reported anti-oxidant property of chloroform fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.

Triterpenes and steroids from the leaves of Aglaia exima (Meliaceae).

A study on the leaves of Aglaia exima led to the isolation of one new and seven known compounds: six triterpenoids and two steroids. Their structures were elucidated and analyzed mainly by using spectroscopic methods; 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, UV spectrometry and X-ray. All the triterpenoids and steroids were measured in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against eight cancer cell lines; lung (A549), prostate (DU-145), skin (SK-MEL-5), pancreatic (BxPC-3), liver (Hep G2), colon (HT-29), breast (MCF-7) and (MDA-MB-231).

7α-Hydroxy-β-Sitosterol from Chisocheton tomentosus Induces Apoptosis via Dysregulation of Cellular Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio and Cell Cycle Arrest by Downregulating ERK1/2 Activation.

In continuation of our interest towards the elucidation of apoptotic pathways of cytotoxic phytocompounds, we have embarked upon a study on the anticancer effects of 7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol (CT1), a rare natural phytosterol oxide isolated from Chisocheton tomentosus. CT1 was found to be cytotoxic on three different human tumor cell lines with minimal effects on normal cell controls, where cell viability levels were maintained ≥80% upon treatment. Our results showed that cell death in MCF-7 breast tumor cells was achieved through the induction of apoptosis via downregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibiting constituents from Chisocheton polyandrus Merr.

Lipoxygenase (LOX)-inhibiting compounds from the leaves of Chisocheton polyandrus Merr. were isolated in this study using a bioactivity-guided fractionation technique. Two dammarane triterpenoids, dammara-20,24-dien-3-one (1) (IC(50)=0.

Spectaflavoside A, a new potent iron chelating dimeric flavonol glycoside from the rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile Griff.

The rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile yielded a new dimeric flavonol glycoside for which the name kaempferol-3-O-(4″-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-(I-6,II-8)-kaempferol-3-O-(4″-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside; spectaflavoside A (1) was proposed, along with kaempferol and its four acetylrhamnosides (2-6), demethoxycurcumin (7) and curcumin (8). The structure of spectaflavoside A was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. This is the first report on the occurrence of a dimeric flavonol glycoside in the Zingiberaceae and the second in nature.

Regulation of apoptotic effects by erythrocarpine E, a cytotoxic limonoid from Chisocheton erythrocarpus in HSC-4 human oral cancer cells.

The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of erythrocarpine E (CEB4), a limonoid extracted from Chisocheton erythrocarpus on human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Based on preliminary dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, CEB4 treated HSC-4 cells demonstrated a cytotoxic effect and inhibited cell proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 4.0±1.

Pseuduvarines A and B, two new cytotoxic dioxoaporphine alkaloids from Pseuduvaria rugosa.

Pseuduvarines A (1) and B (2), two new dioxoaporphine alkaloids with an amino moiety, were isolated from the stem bark of Pseuduvaria rugosa and their structures were elucidated by combination of 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. Pseuduvarines A (1) and B (2) showed cytotoxicity against MCF7, HepG2, and HL-60 (1: IC₅₀, 0.9, 21.

Chisomicines A-C, limonoids from Chisocheton ceramicus.

Three new limonoids, chisomicines A-C (1-3), have been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton ceramicus. Their structures were determined by 2D NMR, CD spectroscopic methods, and X-ray analysis. Chisomicine A (1) exhibited NO production inhibitory activity in J774.

Ceramicines E-I, new limonoids from Chisocheton ceramicus.

Five new limonoids, ceramicines E-I (1-5), have been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton ceramicus. The structures and relative stereochemistry of them were fully elucidated based on 1D- and 2D-NMR data. Ceramicines E-I (1-5) exhibited moderate cell growth inhibitory activities on a range of cell lines (HL-60, A549, MCF7, and HCT116).

Neolamarckines A and B, new indole alkaloids from Neolamarckia cadamba.

Two new indole alkaloids, neolamarckines A and B (1, 2) were isolated from the leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae). Structural elucidation of 1 and 2 was performed by combination of 2D-NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and chemical correlations. Neolamarckine A (1) showed inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) dose dependently.

Oppositinines A and B: new vasorelaxant beta-carboline alkaloids from Neisosperma oppositifolia.

A phytochemical study on the bark of Neisosperma oppositifolia (Apocynaceae) yielded two new beta-carboline indole alkaloids, oppositinines A (1) and B (2), together with five known alkaloids, isoreserpiline, isocarapanaubine, vobasine, 10-methoxydihydrocorynantheol-N-oxide, and ochropposinine oxindole. Structural elucidation of 1 and 2 was performed using 2D NMR methods. Oppositinines A (1) and B (2) showed potent vasorelaxant effects on the rat aorta.

Cyclo-art-24-ene-3β,26-diol from the leaves of Aglaia exima.

Cyclo-art-24-ene-3β,26-diol, C(30)H(50)O(2), isolated from the leaves of Aglaia exima, has three six-membered rings fused together that adopt chair conformations. There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. O-H⋯O hydrogen bond inter-actions between the hydroxyl groups in the 3β and 26 positions lead to the formation of a layer structure parallel to (10).

14-De-oxyxyloccensin K from Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae).

The title limonoid 14-de-oxyxyloccensin K, C(27)H(34)O(7), isolated from Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae), features an oxygen linkage between carbon-3 and carbon-8 along with a tetra-hydro-furyl sub-unit. The six-membered rings adopt chair configurations and the tetra-hydro-furyl sub-unit has an envelope shape.

5-Hy-droxy-7-meth-oxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one from Dysoxylum macrocarpum (Meliaceae).

Both independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(11)H(10)O(4), are almost planar (r.m.s.

Cabraleahy-droxy-lactone from the leaves of Aglaia exima.

Cabraleahy-droxy-lactone, C(27)H(44)O(3), isolated from the leaves of Aglaia exima, has three six-membered rings fused together that adopt chair conformations. Its two five-membered rings are enveloped shaped. The hy-droxy group is in an axial position.

3-Oxoolean-1-en-28-oic acid-n-hexa-ne-water (4/1/1) from the bark of Walsura pinnata Hassk.

3-Oxoolean-1-en-28-oic acid, isolated from the bark of Walsura pinnata Hassk, crystallized from n-hexane as an n-hexane 0.25-solvent 0.25-hydrate, C(30)H(46)O(3)·0.

Pinnatane A from the bark of Walsura pinnata Hassk.

In the mol-ecule of pinnatane A, C(30)H(48)O(3), isolated from the bark of Walsura pinnata Hassk, the four cyclo-hexane rings adopt chair conformations; the carboxyl and hydr-oxy substituents occupy axial positions. The cyclo-hexene ring is envelope-shaped. Adjacent mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a chain running along the c axis.

Ceramicines B-D, new antiplasmodial limonoids from Chisocheton ceramicus.

Three new limonoids, ceramicines B-D (1-3), have been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton ceramicus. Structures and stereochemistry of 1-3 were fully elucidated and characterized by 2D NMR analysis. Ceramicines exhibited a moderate antiplasmodial activity.

17-(5-Ethyl-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetra-deca-hydro-1H-cyclo-penta[a]phenanthrene-3,7-diol from Chisocheton tomentosus (Meliaceae).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(29)H(50)O(2), contains two mol-ecules; one mol-ecule is linked to the other by two O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, whereas only one of the hydr-oxy groups of the second mol-ecule is involved in hydrogen bonding. This gives rise to a chain that runs along the a axis of the monoclinic unit cell.

New alkaloids from Phoebe scortechinii.

The leaves of the Phoebe scortechinii (Gamb.) Kochummen Comb. Nov.

Erythrocarpines A-E, new cytotoxic limonoids from Chisocheton erythrocarpus.

Five new cytotoxic limonoids, erythrocarpines A-E (1-5), were isolated from the bark of Chisocheton erythrocarpus Hiern. Chemical structures, stereochemistry, and conformation were fully elucidated and characterized by 2D NMR, MS, and computational methods.