Ginger for prevention of antiretroviral-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: In this randomized clinical trial ginger efficacy for prevention of antiretroviral-induced nausea and vomiting (N/V) was investigated.

Methods: From July 2011 until the end of June 2013, 102 HIV positive patients attending the HIV clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital participated in the study. In a double blinded manner, participants randomly received either 500 mg ginger or placebo two times per day, 30 min before each dose of antiretroviral regimen for 14 days.

Sleep duration affects risk for ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Sleep deprivation is associated with production of inflammatory cytokines. Disturbed sleep quality has been associated with increased risk of disease flare in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the association between sleep and risk of incident CD and UC has not been previously examined.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Iranian liver transplant recipients.

Tacrolimus, a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation, has a narrow therapeutic range with considerable inter-individual and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability. To date, there is no information on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Iranian liver transplant recipients. This study was designed to determine pharmacokinetic properties of orally administered tacrolimus in Iranian adult liver transplant recipients.

Glycemic control in the infectious diseases ward; role of clinical pharmacist interventions.

Introduction: Hyperglycemia is one of the most frequent metabolic complications in hospitalized patients. Increased risk of infection following hyperglycemia has been reported in hospitalized patients and infections may also cause insulin resistance which complicates the control of blood glucose level. In this study the impact of the clinical pharmacist interventions on the glycemic control in patients admitted to infectious diseases ward has been evaluated.

Mycotic Aneurysm of External Carotid Artery following Traumatic Brain Injury: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Mycotic aneurysm of external carotid artery is extremely rare. We herein report a case of external carotid artery (ECA) aneurysm following severe traumatic brain injury. A 24-year-old man with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) following a car accident was referred to Rajaee Trauma Center Emergency Room affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Iran.

Measures of adiposity are associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer.

Background & Aims: Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation, alterations in the intestinal microbiome, and decreased epithelial integrity. The association between obesity and peptic ulcer has not been investigated thoroughly.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 47,120 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (mean age at baseline, 54 y).

A prospective study of periodontal disease and risk of gastric and duodenal ulcer in male health professionals.

Objectives: Periodontal disease has been associated with higher circulating levels of inflammatory markers and conditions associated with chronic inflammation, including vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Limited data exist on the relationship between periodontal disease and gastric and duodenal ulcer.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 49,120 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, aged 40-75 years at enrollment in 1986.

A case report of hearing loss post use of hydroxychloroquine in a HIV-infected patient.

Objective: A case with reversible symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss following hydroxychloroquine therapy is described.

Case Summary: A 57-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive man was referred to the HIV clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran with chief complaint of bilateral slowly progressive hearing loss starting from two months ago. The man had history of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed from 3 months ago and was administered hydroxychloroquine 200 mg and prednisolone 5 mg twice daily.

N-acetyl cysteine in prevention of amphotericin- induced electrolytes imbalances: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oral n-acetyl cysteine, as a potential nephroprotective agent, in preventing and/or attenuating amphotericin B-induced electrolytes imbalances.

Methods: During a one year period, patients were to receive conventional amphotericin b for any indication for at least one week and were randomly allocated to receive either placebo or 600 mg oral n-acetyl cysteine twice daily during the treatment course of amphotericin b. Demographic and clinical data of the study population were gathered.

Antibiotics induced acute kidney injury: incidence, risk factors, onset time and outcome.

Drug induced acute kidney injury (AKI) has been implicated in 8% to 60% of all cases of in-hospital AKI and as such is a recognized source of significant morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of incidence, risk factors, onset time, and outcome of  antibiotics' associated acute kidney injury. During one-year period, all patients who developed acute kidney injury during their hospital stay in the infectious diseases ward of Imam Khomeini hospital were included in the study prospectively.

Pattern and associated factors of anti-hepatitis C virus treatment-induced adverse reactions.

Objectives: To assess the pattern and possible risk factors of conventional and/or pegylated interferon alpha (IFN-α) plus ribavirin therapy for causing adverse reactions in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. Patients attending a referral center in Iran were assessed.

Methods: During an 18 month period all adult individuals diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus who planned to receive anti-hepatitis C virus treatment were prospectively screened regarding all related subjective and objective adverse drug reactions.

Historical analysis of professionalism in western societies: implications for interprofessional education and collaborative practice.

Health care systems around the world are under tremendous pressure to change their models of health care delivery - from the current multiprofessional health care delivery into interprofessional collaborative care models with the ultimate goal of improving patient/client outcomes. The growing diversity of the population, the increasing number of vulnerable persons (elderly, homeless, those living with chronic health conditions), the complexity of health problems, and the shortage of health care providers have forced health policymakers to call for sweeping revisions to how health care is provided, impacting how health care program students are educated. However, in professional training emphasis is placed on uniprofessional education.

Circulating biomarkers for detection of ovarian cancer and predicting cancer outcomes.

Background: Securing a diagnosis of ovarian cancer and establishing means to predict outcomes to therapeutics remain formidable clinical challenges. Early diagnosis is particularly important since survival rates are markedly improved if tumour is detected early.

Methods: Comprehensive miRNA profiles were generated on presurgical plasma samples from 42 women with confirmed serous epithelial ovarian cancer, 36 women diagnosed with a benign neoplasm, and 23 comparably age-matched women with no known pelvic mass.

Carnitine for prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a randomized, clinical trial.

Background And Aim: In the present study, the potential benefits of oral carnitine in preventing antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) were evaluated.

Methods: Fifty-four patients in the carnitine and 62 patients in the placebo group completed the study. The carnitine group received 1000 mg oral carnitine solution twice daily for 4 weeks.

Challenges in designing a national surveillance program for inflammatory bowel disease in the United States.

This review describes the history of U.S. government funding for surveillance programs in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), provides current estimates of the incidence and prevalence of IBD in the United States, and enumerates a number of challenges faced by current and future IBD surveillance programs.

Bacterial contamination of single- and multiple-dose vials after multiple use and intravenous admixtures in three different hospitals in iran.

There is possibility of microbial contamination of any single-dose vials (SDVs), multiple-dose vials (MDVs) and admixtures (ADXs) during the preparation and injection to the patients that could be resulted in bloodstream infection. The goal of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination of MDVs and SDVs after multiple use and ADXs prepared by nursing staff in the treatment room versus those prepared by the hospital pharmacist in the clean room. The sterility of 43 opened MDVs and SDVs, 92 prepared ADXs in treatment room and 17 prepared ADXs in clean room were studied by membrane filtration method.

Physical activity and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective study from the Nurses' Health Study cohorts.

Objective: To examine the association between physical activity and risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II.

Ginger for prevention or treatment of drug-induced nausea and vomiting.

Purpose: In this review, potential benefits of oral ginger for prevention or management of drug- induced nausea and vomiting were evaluated based on the available evidences.

Method: By searching medical resources including Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Cochrane database systematic reviews, available evidences were collected. Ginger, zingiber, nausea and vomiting were considered as keywords.

Statins against drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) accounts for up to 60% of hospital acquired acute kidney injury with considerable morbidity and mortality. Several efforts have been made to reduce drug-induced nephrotoxicity; however, DIN remains a matter of concern. Statins with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects may have the potential to protect kidney against DIN.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on the cardiac remodeling biomarkers and major adverse events following acute myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial.

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac remodeling and major adverse events following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: In a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, the effect of NAC on the serum levels of cardiac biomarkers was compared with that of placebo in 98 patients with AMI. Also, the patients were followed up for a 1-year period for major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including the occurrence of recurrent myocardial infarction, death, and need for target vessel revascularization.

Sleep Quality and Its Correlates in HIV Positive Patients Who Are Candidates for Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy.

Objective: Based on Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, it has been reported that most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients suffer from various degrees of sleep problems. Sleep disorders can affect quality of life, physical and social functioning and can also cause chronic fatigue. Some psychological and physiological factors are related to sleep quality.

Fab-PEG-Fab as a potential antibody mimetic.

IgG antibodies have evolved to be flexible so that they can bind to epitopes located over a wide spatial range. The two Fabs in an IgG antibody are linked together as if each Fab is at the end of a linear, flexible molecule. PEG was used as a scaffold molecule to link two Fabs together to give Fab-PEG-Fab molecules, or FpFs.

N-Acetylcysteine effects on transforming growth factor-β and tumor necrosis factor-α serum levels as pro-fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background And Aims: Ischemia following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) increases the level of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has therapeutic benefits in the management of patients with AMI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has evaluated the effect of NAC on TNF-α and TGF-β levels in patients with AMI.