A new method in the production of protective sheets against X-ray radiation.

Today, the use of X-rays in diagnosing and sometimes treating patients is inevitable. Despite the many benefits of using X-rays in medical and other sciences, the harmful effects of this radiation on human tissue should not be neglected. One of the best ways to prevent the harmful effects of X-rays on the human body is to use appropriate covers against these rays.

Understanding the kinetics and atmospheric degradation mechanism of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CFCFCl) initiated by OH radicals.

The atmospheric degradation of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) by OH˙ was investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The potential energy surfaces were also defined in terms of single-point energies derived from the linked cluster CCSD(T) theory. With an energy barrier of -2.

Zr(HSO): Green, efficient and reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene under solvent-free conditions.

Many methods have been used to synthesize xanthene derivatives using different catalysts. However, some of these methodologies have not been entirely satisfactory. Most of the mentioned methods have disadvantages such as low yields, prolonged reaction times, harsh reaction conditions and the requirement of expensive catalysis and use of toxic organic solvent.

Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives and their Biological Evaluation as Anti-Bacterial Agents.

Aims And Objectives: Microwave-assisted condensation of acetophenone 1 and aromatic aldehydes 2 gave chalcone analogs 3, which were cyclized to pyrazole derivatives 6a-f via the reaction with hydrazine hydrate and oxalic acid in the presence of the catalytic amount of acetic acid in ethanol.

Materials And Methods: The structural features of the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, FT-IR, H, C NMR and elemental analysis.

Results: The antibacterial activities of the synthesized pyrazoles were evaluated against three gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus durans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.

DFT study on tautomerism and natural bond orbital analysis of 4-substituted 1,2,4-triazole and its derivatives: solvation and substituent effects.

Density functional theory investigations at the DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G theoretical level employed to determine the tautomerism, substituent effects of 4-substituted 4-amino-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, and its derivatives (4-R-H, 4-R-CH, 4-R-F, 4-R-NO) in the selected solvent (acetone, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane) and gas phases using the polarizable continuum method (PCM) model. The substituted 1,2,4-triazoles have two main different tautomers namely N-H and S-H. For considered derivatives, thione forms are more energetically stable and dominant form in the studied solvent and gas phases.

Synthesis and evaluation of single-wall carbon nanotube-paclitaxel-folic acid conjugate as an anti-cancer targeting agent.

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) represent a novel nanomaterial applied in various nanotechnology fields because of their surface chemistry properties and high drug cargo capacity. In this study, SWCNT are pre-functionalized covalently with paclitaxel (PTX) - an anticancer drug, and folic acid (FA), as a targeting agent for many tumors. The samples are investigated and evaluated by different analyses such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), absorption spectroscopic measurements (UV-Visible), elemental analysis, and cell analyses with cancer cell line cultures.

Types of neural guides and using nanotechnology for peripheral nerve reconstruction.

Peripheral nerve injuries can lead to lifetime loss of function and permanent disfigurement. Different methods, such as conventional allograft procedures and use of biologic tubes present problems when used for damaged peripheral nerve reconstruction. Designed scaffolds comprised of natural and synthetic materials are now widely used in the reconstruction of damaged tissues.

Cell engineering: nanometric grafting of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide onto polystyrene film by different doses of gamma radiation.

Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide was successfully grafted onto a polystyrene cell culture dish and γ-preirradiated in air. In this study, the effect of a γ-pre-irradiation dose of radiation (radiation absorbed dosages of 10, 20, 30, 40 KGy) under appropriate temperature and grafting conditions was investigated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the existence of the graft poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) on the substrate.

The effect of acetaminophen nanoparticles on liver toxicity in a rat model.

Acetaminophen, a pain-reliever, is one of the most widely used medications in the world. Acetaminophen with normal dosage is considered a nontoxic drug for therapeutic applications, but when taken at overdose levels it produces liver damage in human and various animal species. By a high energy mechanically activated method, we produced acetaminophen in a nanometer crystalline size (24 nm).