Vitamin D Supplementation for Children with Epilepsy on Antiseizure Medications: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are crucial for managing epilepsy in children. However, a well-documented side effect of ASMs is their impact on bone health, often due to interference with vitamin D metabolism. This can lead to vitamin D deficiency in children with epilepsy.

Recombinant PTH Infusion in a Child With Sanjad-Sakati Syndrome Refractory to Conventional Therapy.

Hypoparathyroidism is the most common endocrinological feature in children with Sanjad-Sakati syndrome. Treatment includes active vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Here, we report a case of a newborn with Sanjad-Sakati syndrome who had severe hypocalcemia since birth who responded to PTH subcutaneous pump infusion.

Cost consequence analysis of adding semaglutide to treatment regimen for patients with Type II diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Semaglutide, a Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA), is often prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes, particularly in cases unresponsive to other hypoglycemic agents. Despite its popularity, the real-world efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Semaglutide relative to other treatments remain understudied.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the direct medical cost and consequences of adding Semaglutide to the treatment regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

Frequency and predictive factors for spontaneous normalization of anti-tissue transglutaminase-IgA serology among Saudi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study.

Background: Celiac serology can be transiently elevated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and normalized despite gluten consumption. This study aimed to identify the frequency and predictive factors of spontaneous normalization of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG-IgA) antibodies in these patients.

Methods: The charts of all patients (≤18 years) with T1DM were retrospectively reviewed from 2012 to 2021 at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Safety and user experience with off-label use of a flash glucose monitor (FreeStyle Libre 1) among very young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: FreeStyle Libre 1 (FGM) has been approved by the FDA for children older than 4 years. It enables noninvasive glucose monitoring without the need for finger pricking. Parents of very young children often use the device off-label.

The long-term growth, cost-effectiveness, and glycemic effects of growth hormone therapy on children born small for gestational age over 10 years: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to report our 10-year experience of treating short children born small for gestational age (SGA) by comparing the long-term growth, metabolic safety, and cost-effectiveness of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in short children born SGA with those in rhGH-treated children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and Turner syndrome.

Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective cohort study at King Saud University Medical City. We included children aged 3-16 years who received rhGH for GHD, SGA, or Turner syndrome for >1 year.

Estimated Cost-effectiveness of Subcutaneous Insulin Aspart in the Management of Mild Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Children.

Importance: Intravenous (IV) insulin infusion is the standard of care for treating diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) worldwide. Subcutaneous (SC) insulin aspart could decrease the use of health care resources.

Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of mild uncomplicated DKA management with SC insulin aspart vs IV insulin infusion among pediatric patients from the perspective of a public health care payer using clinical data.

Development and Validation of the Transition Readiness Assessment Instrument in Type 1 Diabetes "On TRAck".

Objectives: Transition to adult care is challenging for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers. We have developed the diabetes-specific "On TRAck" transition readiness scale, and in this study we assess its reliability and validity compared with TRANSITION-Q, a generic transition readiness questionnaire.

Methods: We systematically created 3 versions of On TRAck: adolescent, parent and health-care provider (HCP) versions (for case managers and physicians).

Risk factors, outcomes, and predictors of resolution of acute kidney injury in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (incidence 35-77%). AKI evolution during DKA treatment/recovery is poorly understood. Our aim was to assess children with DKA for prevalence, short-term kidney outcomes, severity, and predictors of AKI development and resolution.

The Arabic Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Bristol Activity of Daily Living Scale.

Background: There are few Arabic language functional scales for patients with dementia. The Bristol Activity of Daily Living Scale (BADLS) was designed and validated for use in patients with dementia.

Objective: Our study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the BADLS to the Arabic language for people with neurocognitive decline and dementia.

Caregivers' Sources of Information About Immunization as Predictors of Delayed Childhood Vaccinations in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Purpose: This study compared the most used sources of information by caregivers for scheduled childhood vaccination in Saudi Arabia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the effect of this decision-making.

Methods: An electronic survey was administered to 577 caregivers of children aged ≤2 years residing in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic curfew. The sources of information on childhood vaccination considered by the caregivers and their influence on the caregivers' decision to delay scheduled vaccination were assessed and statistically analyzed.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Routine Childhood Immunization: A Saudi Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Routine childhood immunization is the most cost-effective method to prevent infection and decrease childhood morbidity and mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected access to health care in Saudi Arabia, including mandatory vaccinations for young children. We aimed to assess the prevalence of intentionally delayed vaccinations in children aged ≤ 2 years during the COVID-19 pandemic curfew in Saudi Arabia, its relation to the caregivers' fear of infection, and identifying factors affecting the caregivers' decision.

AGREEing on clinical practice guidelines for idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is the most common kidney disease in children worldwide. Our aim was to critically appraise the quality of recent Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in children in addition to summarize and compare their recommendations.

Methods: Systematic review of CPGs.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Incidence of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Ketoacidosis Among Saudi Children.

Background: Overburdened healthcare systems during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to suboptimal chronic disease management, including that of pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The pandemic also caused delayed detection of new-onset diabetes in children; this increased the risk and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We therefore investigated the frequency of new-onset pediatric T1DM and DKA in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared it to the same period in 2019.

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency presenting with central hypothyroidism.

Central hypothyroidism might be another clinical sign of SSADH deficiency which prompts urinary organic acid screening for GHB in central hypothyroidism patients. Studies on GABA and thyroid hormone interaction might be a concept of a new therapy.

Efficacy of Treatments for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Management in Adolescents.

Unlabelled: Limited evidence on treatment options for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has led to considerable variation in health care practices. We aimed to compare the effects of metformin and/or oral contraceptive pills (OCP) in combination with pioglitazone, spironolactone, flutamide, and lifestyle interventions among adolescents aged 11 to 19 years with PCOS. Literature searches were performed in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception through December 2018, with no language restriction.

Rapid Implementation of a Diabetes Telemedicine Clinic During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: Our Protocol, Experience, and Satisfaction Reports in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The importance of telemedicine in diabetes care became more evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as many people with diabetes, especially those in areas without well-established telemedicine, lost access to their health care providers (HCPs) during this pandemic.

Subjects And Methods: We describe a simplified protocol of a Diabetes Telemedicine Clinic that utilizes technological tools readily available to most people with diabetes and clinics around the world. We report the satisfaction of 145 patients and 14 HCPs who participated in the virtual clinic and 210 patients who attended the virtual educational sessions about "Diabetes and Ramadan.

The efficacy and safety of insulin pump therapy with predictive low glucose suspend feature in decreasing hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Automated insulin delivery with predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS) feature has the potential to reduce risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We aim to systematically synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of PLGS in children and adolescents with T1DM.

Methods: We performed a systematic search through Ovid/MEDLINE, Ovid/Embase, and other search engines.

The impact of vitamin D food fortification and health outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-regression.

Objective: Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is a global childhood health problem. Food fortification is a promising strategy to curb vitD deficiency. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of utilizing vitD fortification in staple foods to improve 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and to reduce the prevalence of vitD deficiency among healthy children.

A Novel TBX1 Variant Causing Hypoparathyroidism and Deafness.

Background: The TBX1 gene encodes the T-box 1 protein that is a transcription factor involved in development. Haploinsufficiency of the TBX1 gene is reported to cause features similar to DiGeorge syndrome. The TBX1 gene is located within the DiGeorge syndrome region, and studies support that the TBX1gene is responsible for most of the features of the phenotype of hemizygous deletion of chromosome 22q11.

Management of type 2 diabetes using non-insulin glucose-lowering therapies: a critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines with the AGREE II instrument.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes is a major global epidemic affecting over 400 million people worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to provide an overview of recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) addressing non-insulin based pharmacological management of among non-pregnant adults in an outpatient setting, and critically appraise their methodological development.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase databases, for relevant guidelines using the Ovid interface.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions for acute diarrhea and gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Many interventions have shown effectiveness in reducing the duration of acute diarrhea and gastroenteritis (ADG) in children. Yet, there is lack of comparative efficacy of interventions that seem to be better than placebo among which, the clinicians must choose. Our aim was to determine the comparative effectiveness and safety of the pharmacological and nutritional interventions for reducing the duration of ADG in children.

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent vitamin D deficiency for children with epilepsy: Randomized pragmatic trial protocol.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children with epilepsy. Lack of high-quality evidence led to variability among scientific societies recommendations. Therefore, we aim to determine the efficacy of different common doses used in the pediatric practice to maintain optimal 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 [OH] vitamin D) level in children with epilepsy and normal baseline 25 (OH) vitamin D level over 6 months of supplementation.