Antibiotic-Resistance Genes in strains in GCC Countries: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in is an alarming issue worldwide, including in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, yet the prevailing gene patterns have not recently been reviewed. This study was conducted to determine and report on the dominant antimicrobial resistant gene patterns in GCC countries.

Method: A scoping review identified the predominant AMR genes in GCC countries: CTX M, TEM, SHV, NDM, OXA, and VIM genes.

Molecular detection of plasmid-derived AmpC β-lactamase among clinical strains of in Bahrain.

Background: with AmpC β-lactamase are multidrug-resistant organisms and represent a significant challenge to patient care. This study aims to determine the prevalence of plasmid-derived AmpC β-lactamase among extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing strains in Bahrain.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study.

Evaluation of Two Phenotypic Methods for the Detection of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae Isolates.

 AmpC β-lactamases are cephalosporinases that confer resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, penicillin, and β-lactamase inhibitor-β-lactam combinations. Even though the AmpC resistance is reported, but the accurate occurrence of AmpC β-lactamases in members is still unknown. Techniques to identify AmpC producers are still evolving but not yet optimized for the clinical laboratory.

Identification of E484K and other novel SARS-COV-2 variants from the Kingdom of Bahrain.

The challenges imposed by the ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 affects every aspect of our modern world, ranging from our health to our socio-economic needs. Our existence highly depends on the vaccine's availability, which demands in-depth research of the available strains and their mutations. In this work, we have analyzed all the available SARS-COV2 genomes isolated from the Kingdom of Bahrain in terms of their variance and origin analysis.

Variant analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the Middle East.

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) was introduced into society in late 2019 and has now reached over 88 million cases and 1.9 million deaths. The Middle East has a death toll of ~80,000 and over 35000 of these are in Iran, which has over 1.

Student Perception of Microbiology Laboratory Skills Learning Through a Problem-Based Learning Curriculum: Arabian Gulf University Experience.

Introduction: The curriculum at medical school at Arabian Gulf University is centered on small group learning and real-life problems provided to students and guiding students to learn actively. In microbiology, laboratory skills are taught in an innovative manner using mini cases and different lab sessions and are integrated with other basic sciences. This article describes the format and pattern of laboratory skills sessions conducted using PBL methods at Arabian Gulf University and discusses the perception of students towards PBL in laboratory skill learning and way forward for the same.

The Curriculum at the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences at Arabian Gulf University: A Way Forward to Meet the Future Medical Education Needs.

Arabian Gulf University (AGU) follows a curriculum based on Problem Based Learning (PBL). PBL is a learner-centered approach that empowers students for life-long learning. Students are taught through problems that are designed based on global health problems customized to the local needs.

Detection of Overexpression of Efflux Pump Expression in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Isolates.

Context: Fluoroquinolones are the most effective antibiotics against ; many strains, however, have shown resistance due to mutations in DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, or in the efflux pumps. Little is known about efflux pump resistance mechanisms in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Aim: The aim was to study efflux pump-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance among isolates using phenotypic (E-test and agar dilution) and genotypic (real-time-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) methods.

Detection of and genes in carbapenem-resistant clinical strains in Bahrain.

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant has emerged as a life-threatening infectious agent worldwide. Carbapenemase genes are reported to be some of the most common mechanisms for carbapenem resistance in . No reports are available from the Kingdom of Bahrain about carbapenem resistance and the underlying cause.

vacA genotypes in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with and without duodenal ulcer in Bahrain.

Background: The vacuolating cytotoxin and the cytotoxinassociated protein, encoded by vacA and cagA, respectively, are important virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform vacA genotyping and evaluate its association with cagA genotype and clinical outcome.

Methods: One hundred and twenty H.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Bahrain.

Objectives: To determine the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Bahrain.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of records (January 2005-December 2006) at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain which is the major national diagnostic laboratory.

Results: Out of a total of 11,886 member of family of Enterobacteriaceae isolated, 2695 (22.