Outcomes and Predictors of In-hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Acute Kidney Injury Patients: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high mortality and morbidity risk. Factors predictive of mortality can guide in early identification of high-risk patients and escalation of therapy to improve outcomes. There is a paucity of data on AKI in Pakistan, and this study was done to determine in-hospital AKI mortality and the associated predictors of mortality.

The Comparison Of Efficacy Between Losartan And Diltiazem As Antiproteinuric Agent In Non-Diabetic Renal Diseases.

Background: Multiple options have been tried to counter the proteinuria secondary to renal diseases. Clinicians and researchers are trying to find the best option for this purpose.

Objective: To compare efficacy of Losartan and Diltiazem in management of proteinuria in nondiabetic renal diseases at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.

Tuberculosis versus vasculitis.

Vasculitis (Wegeners Granulomatosis and Microscopic Polyangiitis) and Tuberculosis share many features including constitutional symptoms and respiratory tract involvement. The presence of kidney involvement with new onset azotaemia and active urine sediment support the diagnosis of vasculitis. We describe two cases that were diagnosed to be suffering from tuberculosis and placed on anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Early versus late arterio-venous fistulae: impact on failure rate.

Background: Haemodialysis is the primary mode of renal replacement therapy for patients of end stage renal disease. The most important determinant for effective haemodialysis is a reliable vascular access. Arterio-venous (AV) fistula is the closest to be an ideal long-term haemodialysis vascular access.

A cluster of metabolic defects caused by mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA.

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are risk factors for atherosclerosis and occur together more often than expected by chance. Although this clustering suggests shared causation, unifying factors remain unknown. We describe a large kindred with a syndrome including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia.

Evidence for genetic heterogeneity in Dent's disease.

Background: Dent's disease (X-linked nephrolithiasis) is a proximal tubulopathy that has been consistently associated with inactivating mutations in the CLCN5 gene encoding the ClC-5 chloride channel expressed in tubular epithelial cells.

Methods: We performed mutation analysis of the coding region of CLCN5 by DNA sequencing in 32 unrelated males, all of whom met the following three clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Dent's disease: (1) low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria; (2) hypercalciuria; and (3) at least one of the following: nephrocalcinosis, kidney stones, renal insufficiency, hypophosphatemia, or hematuria.

Results: Sixteen mutations (ten missense, four nonsense, two frameshift) were found in 19 patients.