Etiology of septic arthritis in children of Qatar.

Objective: Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency and if not evaluated and treated appropriately, it can lead to poor clinical outcomes. Previously several studies have been performed to identify the etiology of septic arthritis in the pediatric population in developed countries. The main objective of our study was to identify the etiology of septic arthritis in children in Qatar in previously healthy and fully vaccinated children.

Improved pediatric ICU mortality prediction for respiratory diseases: machine learning and data subdivision insights.

The growing concern of pediatric mortality demands heightened preparedness in clinical settings, especially within intensive care units (ICUs). As respiratory-related admissions account for a substantial portion of pediatric illnesses, there is a pressing need to predict ICU mortality in these cases. This study based on data from 1188 patients, addresses this imperative using machine learning techniques and investigating different class balancing methods for pediatric ICU mortality prediction.

Neurological Manifestations in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients With COVID-19 at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Western Region, Saudi Arabia From 2020 to 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction COVID-19 involvement in the nervous system has been reported in many cases. Viral neuroinvasion has multiple routes of entry. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 can be divided into ones of the central nervous system (CNS), such as headache, dizziness, altered mental status, ataxia, and seizure, and of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), including ageusia, anosmia, acute illness demyelinating polyneuropathy, and neuralgia.

Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Multiple Rare Earth Magnet Ingestions in Children of Qatar. A Single-Center Experience.

Introduction: Rare earth magnets are powerful magnets that can have several negative effects if ingested. The goal of our study is to describe the result of multiple rare earth magnets ingested by children in Qatar.

Materials And Methods: This is observational research.

Acquired Methemoglobinemia in an Infant: Consequence of Prolonged Application of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) Cream for Spontaneous Abscess Drainage.

Topical anesthetics are commonly used in emergency departments. One of the side effects can be methemoglobinemia if not appropriately used. We present a case of a six-week-old baby who developed methemoglobinemia with levels of 30.

Respiratory virus type to guide predictive enrichment approaches in the management of the first episode of bronchiolitis: A systematic review.

Unlabelled: It has become clear that severe bronchiolitis is a heterogeneous disease; even so, current bronchiolitis management guidelines rely on the one-size-fits-all approach regarding achieving both short-term and chronic outcomes. It has been speculated that the use of molecular markers could guide more effective pharmacological management and achieve the prevention of chronic respiratory sequelae. Existing data suggest that asthma-like treatment (systemic corticosteroids and beta2-agonists) in infants with rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis is associated with improved short-term and chronic outcomes, but robust data is still lacking.

Viral metagenomics analysis of stool specimens from children with unresolved gastroenteritis in Qatar.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five years of age. Viruses are well established as etiologic agents of gastroenteritis since they are the most common pathogens that contribute to the disease burden in developing countries. Despite the advances in molecular diagnosis, a substantial proportion of AGE etiology remain unresolved.

Level of maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F antibodies in hospitalized children and correlates of protection.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection among children and no vaccine is available. The stabilized form of the fusion (F) protein - pre-F - is a leading vaccine candidate to target different populations, including pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and nature of RSV-directed maternal antibodies (matAbs) in hospitalized children with RSV infection.

Readiness assessment for implementation of a large scale child maltreatment prevention program in Qatar.

Background And Objectives: Child maltreatment is a worldwide problem, with lifelong consequences for the survivors. The focus is shifting from Child Maltreatment Protection to Child Maltreatment Prevention. The objective of this descriptive study was to assess readiness for child maltreatment among stakeholders before implementation of large-scale prevention programs in Qatar.

Poor Agreement but Good Predictive Value Between Automated and Manual QTc Intervals in Pediatric Emergency Department Electrocardiograms.

Objectives: QTc interval is significant because prolongation may lead to ventricular dysrhythmia. Computerized electrocardiogram machines typically measure QT interval length and, using an algorithm assessment of multiple leads, calculate a QTc value. Manual measurement of the QT interval used to calculate the QTc value is more time-consuming but potentially more accurate.

Intramuscular Versus Buccal Midazolam for Pediatric Seizures: A Randomized Double-Blinded Trial.

Background: We compared the efficacy and safety of intramuscular with buccal midazolam as first-line treatment for active seizures in children brought to the emergency department.

Methods: In a double-blind, double-dummy randomized trial, patients with an active seizure lasting more than five minutes received blinded treatments on arrival. We employed deferred consent.

Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of RSV Bronchiolitis in Young Infants: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; palivizumab) is recommend for prophylaxis of high-risk infants during bronchiolitis seasons but not for RSV bronchiolitis treatment. Our aim was to determine if palivizumab would be helpful in young infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis.

Methods: Eligible infants ≤3 months old presenting to the pediatric emergency service with RSV-positive bronchiolitis requiring inpatient admission underwent double-blind random assignment to single-dose intravenous palivizumab (15 mg/kg) or placebo.

Assessment of hepatitis B immunization programme among school students in Qatar.

Background: In 2010, Qatar adopted the target of reducing hepatitis B prevalence to < 1% in children by 2015. The World Health Organization Region for the Eastern Mediterranean is identified with intermediate hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity, ranging from 2% to 7%. It is estimated that 4.

Confluent Retropharyngeal, Lateral Pharyngeal, and Peritonsilar MRSA Abscess in an Infant.

Neck abscesses such as retropharyngeal, peritonsilar, and lateral pharyngeal are well described, typically cause a characteristic illness, and have a known epidemiology. We present a rare occurrence of case of confluent, mixed retropharyngeal, lateral pharyngeal, and peritonsilar abscess in a 9-month-old female infant. The symptoms at presentation were very mild and not expected in association with this extensive an abscess.

Molecular characterization of extended spectrum β -lactamases enterobacteriaceae causing lower urinary tract infection among pediatric population.

Background: The β-lactam antibiotics have traditionally been the main treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections, nonetheless, the emergence of species producing β- Lactamases has rendered this class of antibiotics largely ineffective. There are no published data on etiology of urinary tract infections (UTI) and antimicrobial resistance profile of uropathogens among children in Qatar. The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae among children with UTI in Qatar.

Effect of intravenous ondansetron on QTc interval in children with gastroenteritis.

Background: The potential for ondansetron to cause QT prolongation and fatal dysrhythmia is well-reported, including a 2011 FDA report on the topic. Few clinical trials evaluating this phenomenon in the ED setting exist, and only one is pediatric.

Objective: We have sought to determine the effect of a standardized dose of intravenous ondansetron on the QTc duration of children under 14years of age treated for gastroenteritis-associated vomiting in a pediatric ED.

Molecular Analysis of the Enteric Protozoa Associated with Acute Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children.

Pediatric diarrhea is a common cause of death among children under 5 years of age. In the current study, we investigated the frequency of intestinal parasites among 580 pediatric patients with chronic diarrhea. Parasitic protozoa (all species combined) were detected by molecular tools in 22.

Rapid vs Maintenance Vitamin D Supplementation in Deficient Children With Asthma to Prevent Exacerbations.

Background: Whether vitamin D reduces clinically important exacerbations of childhood asthma remains uncertain. We compared rapid to maintenance vitamin D repletion analyzed by baseline vitamin D level.

Methods: Children presenting to the ED with moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbations and vitamin D levels ≤ 25 ng/mL underwent masked randomization, and then open dosing to either IM+oral (the latter daily) therapy or daily oral-only therapy, and were followed for 12 months.

IV Magnesium Sulfate for Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Trial.

Background: The goal of this study was to determine if IV magnesium, useful for severe pediatric asthma, reduces time to medical readiness for discharge in patients with bronchiolitis when added to supportive care.

Methods: We compared a single dose of 100 mg/kg of IV magnesium sulfate vs placebo for acute bronchiolitis. Patients received bronchodilator therapy, nebulized hypertonic saline, and 5 days of dexamethasone if there was eczema and/or a family history of asthma.