Medication-overuse headache: clinical profile and management strategies.

Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a disabling secondary headache disorder, with challenging consequences for affected patients and health care resources. It is defined as headache that occurs on ≥ 15 days per month in a patient known to have primary headache disorder due to regular overuse of acute or abortive headache medication for more than 3 months. MOH affects 1-2% of the world's population in their productive age.

Stress and Its Correlates in Migraine-Headache Patients with a Family History of Migraine.

Purpose: Stress and migraine are often comorbid. However, no studies have examined stress severity in a sample of migraine patients. That is why this study investigated the determinants of stress level in a sample of migraine patients with a family history of migraine (MWFH) in Saudi Arabia.

Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Literature Review.

New advancements in the medical community have rapidly occurred with the development of medical information across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several vaccine manufacturers were able to obtain clearance to administer vaccines in selected age groups and for those at high risk for COVID-19 complications. As vaccines became more readily available, there was a significant effort supported by scientific information to get people vaccinated to boost herd immunity.

Effectiveness of an early mobility protocol for stroke patients in Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an early mobility protocol for stroke patients in the intensive care unit.

Methods: Participants were patients with first or recurrent stroke (n=60, age=49.02+/- 6.

New advances in prevention of migraine. Review of current practice and recent advances.

Despite being one of the most common disabling primary headaches, migraine continues to be underdiagnosed and under-treated. A migraine challenges not only the patient suffering from the migraine, but also physicians; especially in recognizing candidates for prophylaxis and selecting the appropriate preventive medication. Recently, there have been major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of migraine, with different guidelines of migraine management across the world.

Hemichorea with unilateral MRI striatal hyperintensity in a Saudi patient with diabetes.

Hemichorea is a disorder characterized by abnormal, continuous, nonrhythmic, jerky, and distal movement involving one side of the body. It may result from cerebrovascular insult to basal ganglia, or from other causes including neoplasm, infection, and non-ketotic hyperglycemia. We report the clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging data with treatment response of a Saudi woman who has diabetes with left side hemichorea, involving the face, and upper and lower extremities, with unilateral right striatal hyperintense signal changes in T1 weighted MRI, and a hyperglycemic state of longstanding uncontrolled diabetes.

Assessment of pain. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care providers in Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To present data on knowledge and attitudes toward pain assessment among health care providers in Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This exploratory study required at least 100 participants to attain an effect size of 0.2 or larger.

Update on neuropathic pain treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. The pharmacological and surgical options.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a syndrome of unilateral, paroxysmal, stabbing facial pain, originating from the trigeminal nerve. Careful history of typical symptoms is crucial for diagnosis. Most cases are caused by vascular compression of the trigeminal root adjacent to the pons leading to focal demyelination and ephaptic axonal transmission.

Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. An unusual clinical presentation of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm is the most common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Rarely cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) may present initially as acute SAH, and clinically mimics aneurysmal bleed. We report 2 cases of CVST who presented with severe headache associated with neck pain and focal seizures.

Antiepileptic drugs toxicity: A case of toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient with phenytoin prophylaxis post-cranial radiation for brain metastases.

Background: Treatment of epilepsy with antiepileptic drugs (AED) is effective and remains the principal mode of management. A group of adverse effects and drug toxicity can develop immediately or later in the course of treatment. AEDs also have the potential of precipitating idiosyncratic adverse effects including serious cutaneous, hematological and hepatic events.

Botulinum toxin type-A in the management of spastic equinovarus deformity after stroke. Comparison of 2 injection techniques.

Objective: To retrospectively compare 2 injection techniques in the management of spastic equinovarus deformity after stroke.

Methods: Patients with stroke were seen at King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan between January and December 2009. The study design involved an open label retrospective analysis of medical records of 2 groups of comparable age and onset of first stroke.

Neurostimulation. A promising therapeutic option for medically refractory epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a common and serious chronic neurological disorder, affecting around 65 million people worldwide. Despite the advances in pharmacologic treatments for epilepsy, approximately 30% of the patients remain medically refractory and continue to have seizures on medications, in such cases, other treatment approaches are necessary. Resection surgery can be an alternative in many patients to achieve good seizure control; however, not all patients are suitable candidates for surgery.

Cerebral palsy in Saudi children.

Objective: To describe the clinical profile, and identify its risk factors, of cerebral palsy (CP) as seen in a cohort of consecutive Saudi children aged between one and 3 years of age prospectively over a one-year period.

Methods: Saudi children aged 1-3 years with CP (diagnosis based on specified criteria) were selected from children presenting to the Neurology service at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with delayed milestones, seizures, mental retardation and difficulty with walking and evaluated at 3-monthly intervals for one year from January to December 2000. Information on gestation duration, labor and delivery, birth weight and the medical history of the mothers was obtained.