Impact of HPV mRNA types 16, 18, 45 detection on the risk of CIN3+ in young women with normal cervical cytology.

Background: Despite a well-established cervical cancer (CC) screening program in Norway, the incidence of CC in young women is increasing, peaking at 35 years of age. 25 percent of all women diagnosed with CC had normal cytology within 3 years prior to cancer diagnosis, addressing the need to improve the screening programme to further reduce cancer incidences missed by cytology.

Objective: We wanted to investigate the detection rate of CIN3+ in women 25-39 years with normal cytology by using a 3-type HPV mRNA test as a targeted quality assurance measure.

Improving public cancer care by implementing precision medicine in Norway: IMPRESS-Norway.

Background: Matching treatment based on tumour molecular characteristics has revolutionized the treatment of some cancers and has given hope to many patients. Although personalized cancer care is an old concept, renewed attention has arisen due to recent advancements in cancer diagnostics including access to high-throughput sequencing of tumour tissue. Targeted therapies interfering with cancer specific pathways have been developed and approved for subgroups of patients.

Differential expression of the miR-17-92 cluster and miR-17 family in breast cancer according to tumor type; results from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers due to their structural stability and distinct expression profile in various cancers. We wanted to explore the miRNA expression in benign breast tissue and breast cancer subgroups in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study.

Methods: Specimens and histopathological data from study participants in Northern Norway diagnosed with breast cancer, and benign tissue from breast reduction surgery were collected.

Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer in northern Norway: budget impact and expected gain-a model-based analysis.

Background: Pembrolizumab is a new drug approved in several countries for second-line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) positive. This drug has a high cost, and the cost-effectiveness ratio has been debated.

Patients And Methods: The budget impact to the Northern Norwegian Regional Health Authority trust of implementing pembrolizumab in second-line therapy in patients with PD-L1-positive NSCLC was calculated.

Accuracy of cervical cytology: comparison of diagnoses of 100 Pap smears read by four pathologists at three hospitals in Norway.

Background: Cervical cancer can be prevented by early detection and treatment for precancerous lesions. Since 1995, there has been a national cervical cancer screening program in Norway, where women aged 25-69 years are recommended to take Pap smears every three years. There are 17 cytology laboratories covering a population of 5 million people.

The presence of intraepithelial CD45RO+ cells in resected lymph nodes with metastases from NSCLC patients is an independent predictor of disease-specific survival.

Background: Operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients whose tumours have spread to regional or central lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis have dismal prognoses compared with those who have limited disease. The current TNM staging system for NSCLC poorly distinguishes patients with lymph-node metastases who will succumb to, and those who will eventually be cured from, their disease. This novel study: (1) evaluates the presence of different subsets of intraepithelial tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in lymph nodes with metastases from NSCLC patients; (2) explores the impact of intraepithelial TILs in lymph nodes on survival; (3) correlates their presence with both intraepithelial and stromal TILs in their corresponding primary tumours.

CD45RO(+) Memory T Lymphocytes--a Candidate Marker for TNM-Immunoscore in Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are vital in limiting cancer progression and may supplement the TNM classification. CD45RO(+) memory TILs show major prognostic impact in various malignancies but have not been extensively explored in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we aimed to evaluate their potential in a NSCLC TNM-Immunoscore.

Nontargeted Effect after Radiotherapy in a Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Bullous Pemphigoid.

Purpose. To describe tumor shrinkage of nonirradiated lung metastases in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer. Case Report.

Prognostic impact of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in non-small cell lung cancer: combined high CXCL16 expression in tumor stroma and cancer cells yields improved survival.

Background: The chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 are expressed by a variety of immune cells and have been shown to influence angiogenesis. The expression of CXCR6 and CXCL16 has been examined in numerous human cancers; however no studies have yet investigated their influence on prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to explore their prognostic significance in NSCLC, in addition to examining associations with previously investigated markers.

Stromal CD8+ T-cell Density—A Promising Supplement to TNM Staging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Immunoscore is a prognostic tool defined to quantify in situ immune cell infiltrates, which appears to be superior to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification in colorectal cancer. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), no immunoscore has been established, but in situ tumor immunology is recognized as highly important. We have previously evaluated the prognostic impact of several immunological markers in NSCLC, yielding the density of stromal CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as the most promising candidate.

The prognostic role of progesterone receptor expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients: Gender-related impacts and correlation with disease-specific survival.

Purpose: Progesterone has been shown to impact the development of hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancers. Emerging evidence has revealed a possible role of progesterone in the tumorigenesis of other cancers, including lung cancer. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the prevalence and prognostic significance of progesterone receptor (PR) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue.

Monocarboxylate transporters 1-4 in NSCLC: MCT1 is an independent prognostic marker for survival.

Introduction: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 1-4 are lactate transporters crucial for cancers cells adaption to upregulated glycolysis. Herein, we aimed to explore their prognostic impact on disease-specific survival (DSS) in both cancer and tumor stromal cells in NSCLC.

Methods: Tissue micro arrays (TMAs) were constructed, representing both cancer and stromal tumor tissue from 335 unselected patients diagnosed with stage I-IIIA NSCLC.

Disease-specific outcomes of radical prostatectomies in Northern Norway; a case for the impact of perineural infiltration and postoperative PSA-doubling time.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy and a mayor cause of mortality in the western world. The impact of clinicopathological variables on disease related outcomes have mainly been reported from a few large US series, most of them not reporting on perineural infiltration. We therefore wanted to investigate relevant cancer outcomes in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in two Norwegian health regions with an emphasis on the impact of perineural infiltration (PNI) and prostate specific antigen- doubling time (PSA-DT).

Positive prognostic impact of miR-210 in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: miR-210 is an important regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. Therefore, we aimed to explore the prognostic significance of miR-210 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with stage I-IIIA disease.

Materials And Methods: In addition to clinicopathological and demograpic information, tumor tissues were collected and tissue micro arrays (TMAs) were constructed from 335 patients with stage I-IIIA NSCLC.

Prognostic impact of Skp2, ER and PGR in male and female patients with soft tissue sarcomas.

Background: S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is a member of mammalian F-box proteins. The purpose of this study is to clarify the prognostic significance of expression of Skp2 related to gender, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PGR) in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Skp2 has been demonstrated to display an oncogenic function since its overexpression has been observed in many human cancers.

CD4/CD8 co-expression shows independent prognostic impact in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy.

Background: Though traditionally regarded as immunosuppressive, radiotherapy may also stimulate immune cells and facilitate an anti-tumor immune response. We therefore aimed to explore the prognostic significance of immune cell markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).

Methods: In addition to demographic and clinicopathological information, tumor tissue samples were collected and tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from 55 patients with stage I-IIIA NSCLC who received PORT.

Prognostic impact of Jab1, p16, p21, p62, Ki67 and Skp2 in soft tissue sarcomas.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the prognostic significance of expression of Jab1, p16, p21, p62, Ki67 and Skp2 in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Optimised treatment of STS requires better identification of high risk patients who will benefit from adjuvant therapy. The prognostic significance of Jab1, p16, p21, p62, Ki67 and Skp2 in STS has not been sufficiently investigated.

High expression of CD20+ lymphocytes in soft tissue sarcomas is a positive prognostic indicator.

The immune status is important in cancer patients. Tissue microarrays from 249 patients with soft tissue sarcomas were constructed. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD45+ lymphocytes in tumors.

Prognostic impact of CD57, CD68, M-CSF, CSF-1R, Ki67 and TGF-beta in soft tissue sarcomas.

Background: Prognostic markers in curable STS may have the potential to guide therapy after surgical resection. The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic impact of the presence of cells and growth factors belonging to the innate immune system in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The significance of macrophages (CD68), their growth factor macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), its receptor colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), natural killer cells (CD57) and the general immunomodulating molecule (TGF-beta) are all controversial in STS.

Prognostic impact of peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration in soft tissue sarcomas.

Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic significance of peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration in the capsule of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Multiple observations in preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the immune system has a role in controlling tumor growth and progression. Prognostic markers in potentially curable STS should guide therapy after surgical resection.

MicroRNA signatures in tumor tissue related to angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Angiogenesis is regarded as a hallmark in cancer development, and anti-angiogenic treatment is presently used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding, endogenous, single stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression. In this study we aimed to identify significantly altered miRs related to angiogenesis in NSCLC.

Overexpression of the HIF hydroxylases PHD1, PHD2, PHD3 and FIH are individually and collectively unfavorable prognosticators for NSCLC survival.

Introduction: Hypoxia induced factors (HIFs) are at the heart of the adaptive mechanisms cancer cells must implement for survival. HIFs are regulated by four hydroxylases; Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)-1,-2,-3 and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of these oxygen sensors in NSCLC.

Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and -9 in NSCLC tumor and stromal cells: correlation with a favorable clinical outcome.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered important players in angiogenesis and cancer progression. Several drugs developed for targeting MMPs have until now been without clinical efficacy. As both malignant cells and cells of the surrounding stroma contribute to tumor growth, we have explored the impact of MMP-2, -7 and -9 expression in both the tumor and stromal compartment of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC).