A Novel Mathematical Model for Studying Antimicrobial Interactions Against .

The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial synergistic effect against , a leading foodborne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis, by cinnamon oil, encapsulated curcumin, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). We compared three approaches to study the antimicrobial interactions, including the time-killing method, the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) method, and a mathematical concentration-effect model. Isobologram analysis was performed to evaluate the synergy in different combinations, and a median-effect equation was applied to identify the combinations of synergistic effects at median, bacteriostatic, and bactericidal reduction levels.

An Intraplantar Hypertonic Saline Assay in Mice for Rapid Screening of Analgesics.

Background: Development of new analgesics is limited by shortcomings of existing preclinical screening assays such as wide variations in response, suitability for a narrow range of analgesics, and propensity to induce tissue damage. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of a new in vivo animal assay as an analgesic screen based on nociceptive responses (licking and biting) after intraplantar (i.pl.

Differential effects of R-isovaline and the GABA agonist, baclofen, in the guinea pig ileum.

R-isovaline is a non-proteinogenic amino acid which produces analgesia in a range of nociceptive assays. Mediation of this effect by metabotropic receptors for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, demonstrated by previous work, may depend on the type of tissue or receptor system. The objective of this study was to assess the activity of R-isovaline acting at GABA and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in guinea pig ileum, which is known to exhibit well-defined responses to GABA agonists such as baclofen.