Frameshift variation in the HMG-CoA reductase gene and unresponsiveness to cholesterol-lowering drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Dyslipidemia, an imbalance in blood lipid levels, is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and heightens the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Statins, which inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, are potent competitive inhibitors that reduce plasma cholesterol levels. However, individual responses to statins can vary markedly, possibly due to genetic variations in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) gene.

Immunoglobulin A response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its infamous "Variants" of the etiological agent termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven to be a global health concern. The three antibodies, IgA, IgM, and IgG, perform their dedicated role as main workhorses of the host adaptive immune system in virus neutralization. Immunoglobulin-A (IgA), also known as "Mucosal Immunoglobulin", has been under keen interest throughout the viral infection cycle.

The Contribution of and Genetic Polymorphisms and Patients' Demographic Characteristics with Warfarin Maintenance Doses: A Suggested Warfarin Dosing Algorithm.

The requirement of varying doses of warfarin for different individuals can be explained by environmental and genetic factors. We evaluated the frequency of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 () and cytochrome P450 2C9 () variants together with patientdemographic characteristics and investigated their association with warfarin dose requirement with the objective to suggest a warfarin dosing algorithm. In this study, 185 patients with heart valve replacement from West Azerbaijan, Iran were genotyped for (-1639 G>A) and (*2 and *3 alleles) by PCR-RFLP.