Is naso-axial line a better predictor in endoscopic endonasal resection of the odontoid and pannus removal? Technical nuances of maximizing corridor and maintaining occipital cervical joint stability.

Background: The transoral transpharyngeal odontoidectomy, followed by occipitocervical fixation, have traditionally been a recognized method for ameliorating ventral compression at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), despite its associated comorbidities. As an alternative, the endoscopic endonasal odontoid resection is a viable approach for various CVJ abnromalities that preserve the oropharynx and leads to fewer procedure-related complications(1-4). We present our case to detail the technical nuances of the procedure and its advantages over other techniques.

Estimating the impact of the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment outcomes in Southeastern City in Iran: an interrupted time series analysis of the preceding 10 years of ecological data.

Background: With shared modes of transmission and clinical symptoms the convergence of COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) might lead to reduced diagnosis and detection of TB, which is challenging for healthcare systems already strained by the pandemic's reach.

Methods: This ecological study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB surveillance over the first 2 years of the pandemic (March 2020 to February 2022) in southeastern Iran. Interrupted Time Series (ITS) analysis with the quasi-Poisson regression models was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of TB diagnosis and treatment outcome counts, stratified by gender, case definition, involvement type, and treatment outcomes.

Predicting diabetes in adults: identifying important features in unbalanced data over a 5-year cohort study using machine learning algorithm.

Background: Imbalanced datasets pose significant challenges in predictive modeling, leading to biased outcomes and reduced model reliability. This study addresses data imbalance in diabetes prediction using machine learning techniques. Utilizing data from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS) with a 5-year follow-up of 10,000 participants, we developed predictive models for Type 2 diabetes.

Endoscopic Supraorbital Translaminar Approach.

Surgical selection for third ventricle tumors demands meticulous planning, given the complex anatomic milieu. Traditional open microsurgical approaches may be limited in their access to certain tumors, prompting the exploration of alternative techniques. The endoscopic supraorbital translaminar approach (ESOTLA) has emerged as a promising alternative for managing these tumors.

Silk fibroin/vitreous humor hydrogel scaffold modified by a carbodiimide crosslinker for wound healing.

Natural-derived biomaterials can be used as substrates for the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. In this study, bovine vitreous humor as a biological material was cross-linked to silk fibroin with different concentration ratios to design a suitable substrate for corneal tissue regeneration. The cross-linked samples were evaluated with different analyses such as structural, physical (optical, swelling, and degradation), mechanical, and biological (viability, cell adhesion) assays.

Modified Function-Preserving Endoscopic Endonasal Extracapsular Resection of a Large Orbital Apex Cavernous Hemangioma.

Background And Importance: Various invasive oculoplastic procedures are commonly utilized to control the rectus muscles and widen the surgical corridor through the endoscopic endonasal removal of large orbital apex cavernous hemangiomas (OACHs). They require additional transconjunctival incision, rectus muscle insertional retraction, or muscle deinsertion at the globe that might not be safe and lead to prolonged postoperative extraocular muscle dysfunction. In this article, the authors described a modified 3-handed extracapsular technique for the resection of a large OACH without an additional procedure for rectus muscle control.

Fully Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Trans-Eyebrow Supraorbital Translaminar Approach to Third Ventricle Craniopharyngiomas: Technical Nuances and Stepwise Illustrative Description.

Background: Traditional microsurgical approaches for addressing intraventricular craniopharyngioma provide limited access to the retrochiasmatic area and tumors with significant lateral or rostrocaudal extensions. Extended endoscopic endonasal approaches can effectively overcome many of limitations, yet they require a favorable working angle between the optic chiasm and pituitary gland, as well as the involvement of the third ventricle floor by the tumor.

Methods: Herein, the authors describe the surgical nuances of a keyhole technique for resecting third ventricle craniopharyngiomas via a fully endoscopic minimally invasive trans-eyebrow supraorbital translaminar approach (ESOTLA).

Customized ventral bony and dural opening in the transplanum/transtuberculum and transclival variants of extended endoscopic endonasal approach to suprasellar craniopharyngiomas: an approach-based stepwise cadaveric dissection and clinical applicability.

Background: Optimal initial exposure through an extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for suprasellar craniopharyngiomas ensures safe and unrestricted surgical access while avoiding overexposure, which may prolong the procedure and increase neurovascular adverse events.

Method: Here, the authors outline the surgical nuances of a customized bony and dural opening through the transplanum/transtuberculum and transclival variants of the extended EEA to suprasellar craniopharyngiomas based on the tumor-pituitary stalk relationship. A stepwise cadaveric dissection and intraoperative photographs relevant to the approaches are also provided.

Unusual Atrophic Nervus Intermedius in a Patient with Refractory Nervus Intermedius Neuralgia and History of Ipsilateral Sudden-Onset Central Facial Palsy and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Cadaveric-Clinical Images with Surgical Video.

Nervus intermedius (NI) arises from the superior salivary nucleus, solitary nucleus, and trigeminal tract. It leaves the pons as 1 to 5 roots and travels between the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves before merging with the facial nerve within the internal auditory canal. The mastoid segment of the facial nerve then gives rise to a sensory branch that supplies the posteroinferior wall of the external auditory meatus and inferior pina.

Successful treatment of medically and surgically refractory lymphocytic hypophysitis with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy: a single-center experience and systematic literature review.

Purpose: To explore the potential role of focused radiotherapy in managing the lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) refractory to medical therapy and surgery.

Method: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify the studies on radiation treatment for hypophysitis, along with the experience in our institution.

Results: The study included eight patients, three from our institution and five from existing literature.

Myrtenol Inhalation Mitigates Asthma-Induced Cognitive Impairments: an Electrophysiological, Behavioral, Histological, and Molecular Study.

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder with significant health problems. It generally affects the lungs but can also impact brain performance via several mechanisms. Some investigations have proposed that asthma impairs cognition.

Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by Vascular Compression on the Trigeminal Sensory Nucleus and Descending Trigeminal Tract.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by paroxysmal episodes of severe shocklike orofacial pain typically resulting from arterial compression on the trigeminal root entry zone. However, neurovascular conflict in more proximal parts of the trigeminal pathway within the pons is extremely rare.

Methods: The authors present a case of microvascular decompression for TN caused by dual arterial compression on the dorsolateral pons, along with a brief literature review.

Predicting survival of Iranian COVID-19 patients infected by various variants including omicron from CT Scan images and clinical data using deep neural networks.

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 omicron variant virus has resulted in an overload of hospitals around the globe. As a result, many patients are deprived of hospital facilities, increasing mortality rates. Therefore, mortality rates can be reduced by efficiently assigning facilities to higher-risk patients.

Influence of ketamine, propofol or isoflurane on intraocular pressure, heart rate and blood pressure in healthy dogs premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam.

Background: According to the findings of several studies, sedatives and anaesthetics have different effects on the functioning of the cardiovascular system and intraocular pressure (IOP). For accurate diagnosis, treatment and surgery with minimal complications, it is necessary to be aware of the effects of sedatives and anaesthetics on the cardiovascular system and IOP.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sedatives (medetomidine and midazolam) and anaesthetics (ketamine, propofol and isoflurane) on IOP, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure in dogs.

Intraoperative ultrasound-assisted endoscopic endonasal transclival marsupialization of an ectopic retrosellar Rathke's cleft cyst: A rare case illustration and systematic review of the literature.

Not every Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is confined within the sella between the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland. Intracranial ectopic RCCs are extremely rare, with only seven cases reported in the literature. In this study, the authors presented a rare case of a symptomatic ectopic retrosellar RCC posterior to the pituitary gland, causing extensive clival erosion.

The association of body composition and fat distribution with hypertension in community-dwelling older adults: the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.

Background: A significant proportion of the global burden of disability and premature mortality has caused by hypertension. It seems that the relationship between obesity and hypertension is not only associated with excessive body fat mass (FM) but also with body adipose distribution patterns. The present study investigated the association between regional fat distribution using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and hypertension in older adults.

The association of body composition and fat distribution with dysmobility syndrome in community-dwelling older adults: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.

Background And Objective: Dysmobility Syndrome (DS) is characterized as an accumulation of clinical risk factors for functional disability, such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. Neurological disorders that affect the motor and sensory systems can also contribute to the condition, resulting in gait and muscle strength disturbances, as well as a history of falls and fractures. The study aimed to determine the association between fat distribution in different body areas and the odds of older adults developing DS, as there is still uncertainty about the accumulation of fat in which area is most closely linked to the condition.

Isolation and identification of endophytic actinobacteria from and plants and investigation of their effects on germination and growth of wheat plant.

Plant biotechnology helps to develop different types of new products with increased resistance to disease, greater tolerance to drought and salt stress, and better nutritional value. The interaction of plants and microorganisms will play a significant role to achieve this purpose. The aims of this study were to isolate endophyte strains of some medicinal plants and the investigation of their bioactive potential.

Predictive value of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride glycemic index for diabetes incidence in pre-diabetes patients: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) are the indices that can predict the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to examine the relationship between TyG and TG/HDL-c indices with the incidence of T2DM in pre-diabetes patients.

Methods: A total of 758 pre-diabetic patients aged 35-70 years who were enrolled in a prospective Fasa Persian Adult Cohort were followed up for 60 months.

isolated from traditional cheese as a potential probiotic with cytotoxic activity against doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells.

The considerable flexibility of cancerous cells to escape from chemical and biological drugs makes it clear that much is to be done to control and eliminate such cells. Probiotic bacteria, in this regard, have shown promising performance. In this study, we isolated and characterized lactic acid bacteria from traditional cheese.

Anti-obesity effects of aerobic exercise along with Rosa canina seed extract supplementation in rats: The role of irisin and adipolin.

Aerobic exercise and some bioactive compounds in medicinal plants have anti-obesity effects and can suppress body weight. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-obesity effects of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) and supplementation of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina fruit seed (RC) in obese male rats. In this experimental study, 24 high-fat diet (HFD) obese male Wistar rats were used.