Publications by authors named "Khaleel I Al-Obaidy"

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  • Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a chronic autoimmune condition affecting the stomach, but limited data exists on it in Middle Eastern populations, particularly Saudi Arabia.
  • A study reviewed gastric biopsies from 2020 to 2023 and identified 17 cases of AMAG out of 978 samples, with a majority of patients being women and an average age of 50.
  • Clinical symptoms varied widely among patients and included abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and vitamin B12 deficiency, emphasizing the importance of recognizing AMAG features in biopsies for better management.
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  • Cowper glands can sometimes be mistaken for prostatic adenocarcinoma in prostate biopsies, especially when the tissue samples are incomplete or distorted.
  • Immunohistochemistry can help differentiate between the two, but traditional prostate-specific markers may show positive results in Cowper glands, which can lead to confusion.
  • This study found that basal markers like high molecular weight keratin and p63 are more reliable for identifying Cowper glands, while prostate-specific markers should be used cautiously to avoid misdiagnosis.
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In summary, the study's investigation of KMT2C and TSC2 variants in ACD-RCC marks a significant advancement in comprehending this distinct kidney tumor. By illuminating the molecular landscape of ACD-RCC, the research sets the stage for future studies aimed at revealing the complex mechanisms driving tumor development and progression. This understanding could eventually lead to more effective management and treatment strategies for renal cancer patients.

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  • * The survey received an 85% response rate from 98 uropathologists, revealing strong agreement on distinguishing between luminal and basal UC types, but varied opinions on the importance of certain genetic tests like FGFR3 and TERT promoter mutations.
  • * Most uropathologists acknowledged the aggressive nature of tumors with micropapillary features and favored further evaluation and specific molecular testing for aggressive subtypes, indicating a need for improved consensus in UC classification and treatment strategies.
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Acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinomas (ACD-RCC) are rare and their molecular and histopathological characteristics are still being explored. We therefore investigated the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of 31 tumors. The patients were predominantly male (n = 30), with tumors mainly left-sided (n = 17), unifocal (n = 19), and unilateral (n = 29) and a mean tumor size of 25 mm (range, 3-65 mm).

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Urothelial carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma can have overlapping histologic features and in some instances pose challenges to pathologists. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established tool to aid in this specific diagnostic dilemma as it has been shown to be a sensitive marker for urothelial carcinoma and a putatively specific marker in excluding prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, in encountering an index tumor of prostatic adenosquamous carcinoma positive for GATA3, herein we sought to investigate this potential diagnostic pitfall in a larger series of tumors.

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Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma, recognized as a provisional entity in the current 2022 World Health Organization classification of renal neoplasms, is rare. Recent evidence suggests recurrent alterations in the mTOR pathway, supporting its recognition as a distinct entity. Herein, we report 2 renal cell carcinomas with fibromyomatous stroma with mutations occurring in 62- and 72-year-old women and review the literature to support its recognition as a distinct entity, focusing on the characteristic morphology, immunohistochemical staining patterns as well as genetic alterations.

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Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxide kinase (PI3 K)-related protein kinase family that functions as a central regulator of cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, and survival. The role of the TSC-mTOR signaling pathway in kidney tumors has been implicated in some hamartoma syndromes; however, with the advent and wide utilization of molecular studies, a growing number of kidney tumors have been linked to somatic or germline mutations involving genes that encode for this pathway, including eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma, low-grade oncocytic tumor, eosinophilic vacuolated tumor, renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma and angiomyolipoma, among others. Herein, we review the contemporary developments of mTOR pathway-related renal neoplasia, focusing on the clinicopathologic features of the tumor entities.

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  • Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCTs) are rare and mostly benign testicular tumors, but around 10-20% can be malignant, often associated with the Carney complex.
  • The study analyzed eight LCCSCTs for new molecular changes beyond known PRKAR1A mutations; all tumors displayed PRKAR1A alterations, with additional mutations identified in one case with metastatic disease.
  • While the tumors primarily occur sporadically, the findings suggest PRKAR1A mutations play a key role in LCCSCTs, with more research needed to determine if other mutations contribute to malignant progression.
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Testicular sex cord-stromal tumors are clonal neoplasms, with the majority being of Leydig cell followed by Sertoli cell origins. In Leydig cell tumors, adipocytic differentiation has been previously reported as a possible distinguishing feature, which has not been reported in other sex cord-stromal tumors. Herein, we report a case of a 48-year-old man who presented with an incidentally discovered 1.

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  • The differential diagnosis for oncocytic renal tumors includes both benign and aggressive forms, with a focus on distinguishing the low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) from other similar tumors such as oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC.
  • Recent research established that LOT has a specific immunoprofile and a high incidence of mTOR pathway mutations, with 80-100% of these tumors showing alterations.
  • In a study of 30 tumors, thorough examination techniques confirmed LOT diagnosis in 70% of cases, demonstrating strong correlation in determinate tumors (93% concordance) while categorizing others as oncytic neoplasms without specific classification.
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  • - Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) is a rare type of cancer that shares genetic features with Ewing sarcoma but displays histological characteristics similar to epithelial tumors, making it difficult to diagnose.
  • - A case study highlights a 33-year-old woman with a right-sided parotid mass, where a CT scan revealed a 17mm tumor leading to surgery, with histopathology showing malignant features that initially suggested metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • - Molecular testing confirmed ALES due to specific rearrangements, emphasizing the importance of recognizing this cancer to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment and management compared to other head and neck malignancies.
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Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques are increasingly being explored as an emerging ancillary technique for improving accuracy and reproducibility of histopathological diagnosis. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignancy responsible for 2% of cancer deaths worldwide. Given that RCC is a heterogenous disease, accurate histopathological classification is essential to separate aggressive subtypes from indolent ones and benign mimickers.

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Testicular tumors are the most common solid tumors in young men, the vast majority of which are of germ cell origin. The staging of human cancers is paramount to correct patient management. Staging systems have passed through several developments leading to the release of the most recent 8th edition of the American Joint Committee for Cancer (AJCC) staging manual, which is based on the current understanding of tumor behavior and spread.

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A small subset of male germ cell tumors (GCT) demonstrates overgrowth of histologic components that resemble somatic malignancies (e.g., sarcoma, carcinoma).

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Adenocarcinomas of the rete testis (ACRT) are rare and aggressive testicular neoplasms that present predominantly in older men and have a tendency for early systemic spread. Their morphology spans a wide spectrum, including tumors with glandular, solid, papillary, micropapillary, glomeruloid, cribriform, and sarcomatoid growth patterns, or a combination thereof. The genomic alterations associated with these tumors have not been studied previously.

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  • Scientists studied small kidney tumors called "papillary renal neoplasms with reverse polarity" (PRNRP) that are often found by accident.
  • They looked at 50 of these tumors from 46 patients and found that the smaller tumors were usually under 5 mm, while the larger ones were over 5 mm.
  • They discovered that many of the tumors had mutations in a gene called KRAS, especially the larger ones, suggesting that these mutations might happen early in the tumors' development.
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In testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), components with nonspecific sarcomatous features that express keratins and glypican 3 are classified as sarcomatoid yolk sac tumor (SYST). SYST is most frequently seen in metastatic sites after chemotherapy. Like so-called "somatic-type" malignancies arising in TGCTs, SYST is markedly resistant to systemic therapy and has a more aggressive clinical course than conventional types of TGCT.

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