Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Some Novel Pyridine Derivatives.

Reaction of isonicotinaldehyde with 2-cyanoacetohydrazide afforded (E)-2-cyano-N'-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)acetohydrazide (1). Compound 1 was used as the precursor for the synthesis of novel pyridine derivatives by reaction with different arylidene malononitriles, malononitrile and acetylacetone to give pyridine derivatives 5a-e, 6 and 7, respectively. 4,4'-Bipyridine derivatives 9a-d were synthesized by a three-component reaction of isonicotinaldehyde, 2-cyanoacetohydrazide and activated nitriles 8a-d.

Tricuspid Valve Replacement in Infants and Children With Exclusively Autologous Tissue.

Tricuspid valve replacement has always been a challenge in the pediatric population, with high rates of mortality and morbidity. This article describes a new technique that we have used to replace the tricuspid valve with exclusively autologous tissues. The pulmonary autograft is used for tricuspid valve replacement.

Minimally invasive right posterior minithoracotomy for open-heart procedures.

A right posterior minithoracotomy was evaluated in 123 selected patients between November 2002 and August 2006. Their ages ranged from 1.5 to 32 years (mean, 7.