Hepatoprotective effects of vildagliptin mitigates lung biochemical and histopathological changes in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome model in rat.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a liver disease-induced pulmonary complication manifested with arterial hypoxemia. Hepatic cholestasis, encountered in several clinical situations, leads to biliary cirrhosis and HPS, both of which are best reproduced by rat common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Experience from liver transplantation suggests hepatoprotective-based therapy would be most effective in HPS treatment Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme is involved in different pathogenic mechanisms of liver diseases.

Vildagliptin ameliorates intrapulmonary vasodilatation and angiogenesis in chronic common bile duct ligation-induced hepatopulmonary syndrome in rat.

Introduction: Experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is best reproduced in the rat common bile duct ligation (CBDL) model. Vildagliptin (Vild) is an anti-hyperglycemic drug that exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-fibrotic effects. Therefore, the present search aimed to explore the possible effectiveness of Vild in CBDL-induced HPS model.

Impact of class II and class III skeletal malocclusion on pharyngeal airway dimensions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study is a pioneer systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at comparing the influence of Class II and Class III skeletal malocclusions on pharyngeal airway dimensions. It stands as the inaugural comprehensive assessment to collate and analyze the disparate findings from previously published articles on this topic. The objective of this study was to identify published articles that compare the effects of class II and class III skeletal malocclusion on the pharyngeal airway dimensions.

Relating metric crown dimensions to underlying internal daily secretion rates in antimeric premolars.

Objectives: The underlying cause for metric differences in antimeric tooth pairs is an important question for understanding dental variation. We hypothesize that localized variation in crown dimensions will be reflected in localized variation in daily enamel secretion rate.

Design: Casts of pairs of human premolars from a tissue bank were 3D scanned using an optical scanning system (n = 32).

Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Influence the Phenotype of Tooth Number, Size and Shape: Anterior Maxillary Supernumeraries and the Morphology of Mandibular Incisors.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that give rise to supernumeraries in the maxillary incisor region and larger dimensions of the adjacent maxillary incisors are also associated with variations in the morphology of the mandibular incisors. If so, this would contribute to understanding the distribution and interactions of factors during dental development and how these can be modelled. The sample consisted of 34 patients with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region, matched for gender, age and White Caucasian ethnicity with 34 control subjects.

The First Report of as a Potential Neglected Pathogen of Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Causes in Egypt.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently alerted the emergence of new pathogens causing acute hepatitis in children across several countries. This new situation directs us to the screening of neglected pathogens that cause acute hepatitis. Q-fever is a zoonotic disease, caused by .

The educational use of social networking sites among medical and health sciences students: a cross campus interventional study.

Background: In recent years, social networking sites (SNSs) have evolved beyond connection and networking to become a powerful instructional tool. There is still a dearth of knowledge on the professional use of SNSs for education particularly among students from diverse backgrounds. This study examined the extent and pattern of SNSs usage for education across six institutions and then conducted an interventional workshop to fortify and regulate the educational use of SNSs.

Exploring Professionalism among Final Year Dental Students and New Graduates: Translating Knowledge to Practice.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate senior students' and dental graduates' perception of professionalism as defined by international regulatory bodies and to assess students' ability to apply such knowledge in clinical-based scenarios.

Materials And Methods:  Knowledge of professional competencies was conducted using a survey based on domains of professionalism for a newly qualified general dental practitioner as defined by international regulatory bodies. This survey consists of 32 items addressing participants' perception of three domains of professionalism.

Impact of Guidance and Multitasking on Manual Dexterity Skills in Dentistry.

Objectives:  This study investigated the effect of learning by observation on the development of fine motor skills related to endodontic manual instrumentation. We evaluated if learning by observation with guidance had any influence upon operator performance under tense or taxing conditions.

Materials And Methods:  Dental students prepared standardized simulated root canals of varying morphology.

Clinical effectiveness of space maintainers and space regainers in the mixed dentition: A systematic review.

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to address the clinical effectiveness of space maintainers and space regainers in the prevention and correction of dental arch decreases in mixed dentition.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted using five databases: the Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, EBSCO Host, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus (until February 2021) and 6 relevant journals. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs), Controlled Clinical Trials (CCTs), cohort studies and case-control studies of children in the mixed dentition requiring a space maintainer or a space regainer, children with mild to moderate crowding, and with Class I and mild Class II or Class III skeletal pattern.

Is Orthodontic Treatment a Risk Factor of Cervical Root Resorption? A Systematic Review.

Cervical root resorption is an uncommon, aggressive form of external resorption that occurs on the root surface of a permanent tooth and presents clinically as a characteristic pinkish discoloration of the tooth. The cause of cervical root resorption is poorly understood, and it has been suggested that orthodontic treatment may play a role in causing this pathological condition. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether orthodontic treatment could be considered as a risk factor of cervical root resorption in patients who had undergone fixed appliances therapy.

Determining the impact of stressors on students' clinical performance in endodontics.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of stress on the clinical performance of endodontics dental students.

Method: The study sample consists of 16 randomly selected fourth-year dental students who had completed pre-clinical activities stipulated in their curriculum. The distal canal of a plastic mandibular first molar is prepared on two separate occasions, first under normal conditions and then under stressful conditions.

Valproate-induced Periorbital Edema.

Introduction: Valproate is an antiepileptic medication that can be used to manage behavioral symptoms associated with Alzheimer's dementia. We present a rare case of valproate-induced periorbital edema.

Case: A 76-year-old man came to the emergency room with agitation and aggression.

Impact of tribocorrosion and titanium particles release on dental implant complications - A narrative review.

Titanium particles as a product of degradation have been detected in periimplant oral tissues and it has been assumed that implants were the source of these particles. Periimplantitis sites had higher concentrations of particles in comparison to healthy implant sites. Several factors have been identified in the degradation of dental implant surface, such as mechanical wear, contact with chemical agents, and the effects of biofilm adhesion.

Hepatitis E Virus Persistence and/or Replication in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Acute HEV-Infected Patients.

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes about 14 million infections with 300,000 deaths and 5,200 stillbirths worldwide annually. Extrahepatic manifestations are reported with HEV infections, such as renal, neurological, and hematological disorders. Recently, we reported that stool-derived HEV-1 replicates efficiently in human monocytes and macrophages .

Understanding Motor Skill Learning as Related to Dentistry.

Learning dental procedures is a complex task involving the development of fine motor skills. The reported use of theories and/or evidence for designing learning activities to develop the fine motor skills needed for dental practice is limited. The aim of this review is to explore the available body of knowledge related to learning motor skills relevant to dentistry.

Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Nocturnal Enuresis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Trials.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid palatal expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis among 6-18-year-old children and adolescents.

Methods: Comprehensive searches were carried out in 6 electronic databases (EBSCO, ProQuest, Clinical Key, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and OVID) and supplemented by additional manual searches in 4 orthodontic journals until June 2020. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old of both genders who underwent rapid palatal expansion and were considered unresponsive to previous conventional nocturnal enuresis treatment were included in this review.

The role of prosthetic, orthodontic and implant-supported rehabilitation in the management of secondary malocclusion to maxillofacial trauma- A systematic review.

Purpose: Different approaches have been proposed to treat malocclusion secondary to the treatment of maxillofacial trauma. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of prosthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment, and implant-supported rehabilitation for the management of secondary malocclusion after maxillofacial trauma.

Study Selection: We searched five electronic databases and hand searched eight journals.

Evaluation of hepatitis E antigen kinetics and its diagnostic utility for prediction of the outcomes of hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection.

HEV-Ag ELISA assay is a reliable diagnostic test in resource-limited areas. HEV genotype 1 (HEV-1) infections are either self-limited or progress to fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and death if anti-HEV therapy is delayed. Limited data is available about the diagnostic utility of HEV Ag on HEV-1 infections.

Evaluation of Conscious Monitoring and Movement Control Efforts Among Dental Students.

Prior research has demonstrated that motor skill learning is often disrupted by self-focus and attempts to control movement. The propensity for reinvestment (i.e.

How to Improve Fine Motor Skill Learning in Dentistry.

Introduction: Restorative dental treatment is a complex task involving various procedures which require the development and integration of both theoretical knowledge and fine motor skills. It aims to provide the theoretical background and role of key factors in learning these skills.

Materials And Methods: The following electronic databases were searched to identify relevant articles to our topic: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus.

Effect of errorless learning on the acquisition of fine motor skills in pre-clinical endodontics.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of errorless and errorful learning, on acquisition of root canal hand-instrumentation skills. Dental students prepared standardised canals of different diameters and curvatures. Learning involved minimising (errorless: n = 21) or maximising errors (errorful: n = 21).

Perception of Smile Aesthetics of Patients with Anterior Malocclusions and Lips Influence: A Comparison of Dental Professionals', Dental Students,' and Laypersons' Opinions.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the perception of smile aesthetics in patients with varying degrees of anterior crowding and spacing among dental specialists, dentists, dental students, and laypersons and to assess the effect of the lips position.

Materials And Methods: Clinical photos of cases of anterior crowding (mild, moderate, and severe) and spacing (mild, moderate, and severe) with and without the associated lips were used. The images were evaluated by 250 persons including dental specialists, dentists, dental students, and laypersons using the rating scale method, (extremely unaesthetic to extremely aesthetic, 1 to 5, respectively).

Rethinking Assessment Concepts in Dental Education.

Introduction: Dental education involves teaching and assessing the acquisition of verifiable domains that require superior psychomotor, communication, and cognitive skills. Evolving technologies and methods of assessment could enhance student's learning environment and improve tutor assessment experience. The aim of this study was to review the current body of research and evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of assessments in improving learning and performance in preclinical and clinical dental practice.

Introducing a comprehensive high-stake online exam to final-year dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluation of its effectiveness.

Background: Dental education involves teaching and assessing the acquisition of verifiable domains that require superior psychomotor, communication, and cognitive skills. Evolving technologies and methods of assessment could enhance student learning environment and improve tutor assessment experience.

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce the application of a comprehensive high-stakes online exam to final-year dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate its effectiveness.