Maximizing the benefits of using biosimilars in Egypt.

Background: Biosimilars constitute a pathway for sustainable financing of healthcare systems in the era of expensive biologics. However, such a pathway is not free of challenges. Since the biosimilars market is expanding in Egypt, there is an urgent need for a policy framework to optimize their use and diffusion in the market.

Clinical Outcomes After Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Giant Pituitary Adenomas.

Background: Giant pituitary adenomas represent a surgical challenge. We present the results of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for giant pituitary adenomas.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 55 patients with giant pituitary adenomas (>4 cm in maximum diameter) who underwent surgery with an EEA between 2008 and 2016.

Clinical Outcome after Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Tuberculum Sella Meningiomas.

Background: In select cases, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has distinct advantages for resection of tuberculum sella meningiomas (TSM).

Objective: To report the extent of resection (EOR), complication rates, and outcomes in a large series of TSM treated by the EEA.

Methods: Twenty-five consecutive TSM cases treated by EEA from 2008 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

The learning curve in endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas.

OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of literature regarding the learning curve associated with performing endoscopic endonasal cranial base surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent a learning curve might exist for endoscopic endonasal resection in cases of craniopharyngiomas. METHODS A retrospective review was performed for all endoscopic endonasal craniopharyngioma resections performed at Thomas Jefferson University from 2005 to 2015.

Endoscopic transnasal surgery for planum and tuberculum sella meningiomas: decision-making, technique and outcomes.

Tuberculum sella and planum sphenoidale meningiomas pose a management challenge given their intimate relationship to surrounding critical neurovascular structures. The development and advancement of expanded endoscopic transnasal surgery has provided a good surgical option that in well-selected cases, may provide several advantages over a transcranial route. These include early devascularization, complete dura and bone removal, elimination of brain retraction and enhanced visualization of the optic apparatus perforating vessels.