The Sub-Acute Potential Risk of Oxamyl in Male Albino Rats.

The current study aimed to investigate the sub-acute effects of oxamyl on male Albino rats following oral administration of either 0.031 or 0.31 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days.

Biomarkers of oral subacute toxicity of deltamethrin in exposed male Albino rats.

Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects.

Evaluation of biochemical, hematological, and genotoxic parameters in mice exposed to individual and combined ethoprophos and cadmium.

Environmental contamination by complex mixtures of pesticides and metals is a major health problem in agriculture and industry. In real life scenarios, we are exposed to mixtures of chemicals rather than single chemicals, and therefore it is critical to assess their toxicity. The current work was conducted to assess the toxic effects of a low dose (2% median lethal dose) of ethoprophos (Etho, 0.

Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas.

This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results revealed that ECH levels significantly differed between the tested brands steeped for 2 min and tea bags contained higher levels than in loose teas and the levels increased by increasing the steep time. These levels of ECH in all the tested brands either in tea bags or loose teas were higher than the guideline value of 0.

Biomarkers of imidacloprid toxicity in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica.

The in vivo effect of the oral sublethal doses of 3.014 mg kg of IMI (1/25 LD) for 1, 7, 14, and 28 days every other day on Japanese quail was investigated. The results revealed that certain biomarkers in the selected tissues of the quail such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), aminotransaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT, and aspartate aminotransaminase, AST), phosphatases (acid phosphatase, ACP, and alkaline phosphatase, ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and blood glucose showed significant inductions, while significant reductions in the levels of glutathione-reduced (GSH), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA) were noticed.

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on attenuation of chlropyrifos and its methyl analogue toxicity in male rats.

The attenuating effect of 150 mg/kg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against the oral administration of 7.88 and 202.07 mg/kg/day for 14 days of either chlropyrifos-ethyl (CPE-E) or chlropyrifos-methyl (CPF-M), respectively, in male rat was investigated using biochemical and genetic markers.

Human Health Risk of Dietary Intake of Some Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Camels Slaughtered in the Districts of Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia.

Organochlorine residues were detected in 54/200 of muscles and 55/200 of livers of camels slaughtered in different districts of Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, by using GC/MS analysis. The ΣDDT residues (Σ-DDT=p,p'-DDT+p,p'-DDE+p,p'-DDD+p,p'-DDA) in muscles and livers were the most frequent. The levels and distribution of residues varied with location.

Remediation of lead and cadmium-contaminated soils.

The research was designated to study the ability of plants to bio-accumulate, translocate and remove the heavy metals, lead and cadmium from contaminated soil. The herbal plant ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum was investigated as a bio-accumulator plant for these metals. The translocation of these heavy metals in the herbal plant was compared considering root to shoot transport and redistribution of metals in the root and shoot system.

Production of date palm fruits free of acaricides residues by ozone technology as post-harvest treatment.

Distilled water and ozonated water as postharvest wash treatments for 15-60 min as dipping times were tested to remove two acaricides namely, dicofol and amitraz from different varieties of date fruits. Recovered amount of the acaricides was extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dicofol removal percentages in the presence of ozone increased in the order of Nabtet Aly > Nabout Seif > Khalas > Sakay, while amitraz removal increased in the order of Nabtet Aly > Nabout Seif > Sakay > Khalas, respectively, and the percentages of residues on date fruits depended on the dipping time.

Safety methods for chlorpyrifos removal from date fruits and its relation with sugars, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of fruits.

The effectiveness of different postharvest wash treatments at two levels (10 and 20 g/l) for different dipping times was determined to remove chlorpyrifos from date fruits treated at concentration of 2 mg/l. The recovered amount of chlorpyrifos was extracted based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) method and then analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results demonstrate that the removal of chlorpyrifos increased in the order of acetic acid (AA)> citric acid (CA)> hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)> potassium permanganate (KMnO4)> running water (H2O), and the percent of pesticide residue on date fruits depended on the concentration of tested washing treatments and dipping time without the formation of the toxic by-product, chlorpyrifos-oxon.

Concentrations of trace elements [corrected] and organochlorines in Mutton bird (Puffinus griseus).

The Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus, commonly known as Mutton bird) is a migratory wild seabird, annually harvested for food by certain native groups in New Zealand and Australia and in many parts of the world. The concentrations of 22 elements and several organochlorine pesticides [2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), its derivatives dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), aldrin, chlordane, dicofol, lindane, and methoxychlor] in Mutton bird were determined over two consecutive years to evaluate its safety for human consumption. Twenty bird carcasses were purchased in each of 2007 and 2008 from a local source.