Vagus nerve stimulation in medically refractory epilepsy: Adverse effects and clinical correlates.

Objectives: To assess the frequency of adverse effects among pediatric and adult patients and the clinical variables associated with a higher probability of developing side effects.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled pediatric and adult patients who underwent Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) implantation at our institution and had documented follow-up during clinic visits for at least 6 months after implantation. Data collected included demographic information, epilepsy diagnosis, and device data.

Effect of shisha (waterpipe) smoking on lung functions and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) among Saudi young adult shisha smokers.

Shisha (waterpipe) smoking is becoming a more prevalent form of tobacco consumption, and is growing worldwide, particularly among the young generation in the Middle East. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effects of shisha smoking on lung functions and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among Saudi young adults. We recruited 146 apparently healthy male subjects (73 control and 73 shisha smokers).