Extracting adverse drug events from clinical Notes: A systematic review of approaches used.

Background: An adverse drug event (ADE) is any unfavorable effect that occurs due to the use of a drug. Extracting ADEs from unstructured clinical notes is essential to biomedical text extraction research because it helps with pharmacovigilance and patient medication studies.

Objective: From the considerable amount of clinical narrative text, natural language processing (NLP) researchers have developed methods for extracting ADEs and their related attributes.

A new method of mark detection for software-based optical mark recognition.

Software optical mark recognition (SOMR) is the process whereby information entered on a survey form or questionnaire is converted using specialized software into a machine-readable format. SOMR normally requires input fields to be completely darkened, have no internal labels, or be filled with a soft pencil, otherwise mark detection will be inaccurate. Forms can also have print and scan artefacts that further increase the error rate.