Antimicrobial and antivirulence saponins of Mimusops laurifolia leaves.

Mimusops laurifolia is a native species restricted to the Red Sea mountains and Gulf of Aden. Its leaves contain saponins with wide range of biological activities. The presented research aimed to prepare saponins-rich extract from n-butanol fraction of M.

Genomic analysis of NT21, a putative bacteriocin-producing isolate.

species are a long-standing and non-pathogenic commensal bacterium, representing an important part of the normal. is a rarely isolated species from animals and humans, and it was a tiny constituent of human oral cavity and animal intestinal flora, as well as animal-derived foods, particularly dairy products. This study evaluated the security of our strain NT21 by using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), physicochemical features, and antimicrobial activity.

The Specific Capsule Depolymerase of Phage PMK34 Sensitizes to Serum Killing.

The rising antimicrobial resistance is particularly alarming for , calling for the discovery and evaluation of alternatives to treat infections. Some bacteriophages produce a structural protein that depolymerizes capsular exopolysaccharide. Such purified depolymerases are considered as novel antivirulence compounds.

Engineering a Lysin with Intrinsic Antibacterial Activity (LysMK34) by Cecropin A Fusion Enhances Its Antibacterial Properties against Acinetobacter baumannii.

Bacteriophage-encoded lysins are increasingly reported as alternatives to combat Acinetobacter baumannii infections, for which limited therapeutic options are available. Some lysins, such as LysMK34, have a C-terminal amphipathic helix allowing them to penetrate the otherwise-impermeable outer membrane barrier. Another approach to kill Gram-negative pathogens with lysins relies on fusion of a peptide with outer membrane-permeabilizing properties to the lysin.

Global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 clades and their relation to COVID-19 epidemiology.

Expansion of COVID-19 worldwide increases interest in unraveling genomic variations of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Metadata of 408,493 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GISAID database were analyzed with respect to genomic clades and their geographic, age, and gender distributions. Of the currently known SARS-CoV-2 clades, clade GR was the most prevalent worldwide followed by GV then GH.

Isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken meat.

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) are common in retail poultry products. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize multidrug resistant (MDR) E.

Distribution of integrons and phylogenetic groups among causing community-acquired urinary tract infection in Upper Egypt.

is a major cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs). In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance patterns, the distribution of phylogenetic groups, and the prevalence and characteristics of integron-bearing isolates from outpatients with CA-UTIs in El-Minia governorate, in Upper Egypt. Out of the 583 urine samples collected, 134 were positive for , from which the most resistant isolates (= 80) were selected for further analysis.

Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Biofilm Potentials of Bacteriocins Produced by Non-Pathogenic Enterococcus sp.

The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide; likewise, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens has led to a tremendous increase in morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus sp. with a focus on their anti-biofilm and anticancer activities.

Lysin LysMK34 of Bacteriophage PMK34 Has a Turgor Pressure-Dependent Intrinsic Antibacterial Activity and Reverts Colistin Resistance.

The prevalence of extensively and pandrug-resistant strains of leaves little or no therapeutic options for treatment for this bacterial pathogen. Bacteriophages and their lysins represent attractive alternative antibacterial strategies in this regard. We used the extensively drug-resistant strain MK34 to isolate the bacteriophage PMK34 (vB_AbaP_PMK34).

Molecular characterization of Extended-spectrum β lactamase- producing E. coli recovered from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Upper Egypt.

Treatment of community urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β lactamase (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) is more expensive than treating ESBL-negative opposites. Evaluation of the prevalence of ESBL-production among urinary E.

Biological risk assessment of miltefosine in concomitant infection with opportunistic toxoplasmosis.

Introduction: Although miltefosine is the first line for treatment of leishmaniasis, it could have multiple un-recognized effects if any infection accidentally takes place during therapy. The aim is to precisely evaluate the molecular and biochemical remarks of miltefosine on Toxoplasma gondii accidental infection during miltefosine therapeutic course.

Methodology: changes implied by miltefosine daily parenteral administration to Toxoplasma-infected mice, subcutaneously or intraperitoneal, have been investigated.

Susceptibility and Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Isolated from Cloacal Swabs of Live Broiler Chickens in Bangladesh.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh, where there is a paucity of information on resistance patterns and prevalence of antimicrobial determinants. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of resistance, including multi-drug resistance (MDR), and the associated genetic determinants in isolates from cloacal swabs of live broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Altogether, 400 cloacal swabs (200 from Rajshahi and 200 from Dhaka divisions) were randomly collected from individual chickens in 50 broiler farms.

Two novel synthetic peptides inhibit quorum sensing-dependent biofilm formation and some virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.

Quorum sensing (QS) regulates virulence factor expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inhibiting the QS-controlled virulence factors without inhibiting the growth of P. aeruginosa is a promising approach for overcoming the widespread resistance of P.

Isolation and characterization of mercury-resistant bacteria from wastewater sources in Egypt.

An important mechanism for microbial resistance to mercury is its reduction into elemental mercury (facilitated by the merA gene). Thirty-eight microbial isolates from a variety of wastewater sources in Egypt were collected. Approximately 14 of the 38 isolates exhibited not only a high degree of tolerance to mercury (up to 160 ppm) but also a high degree of resistance to other tested heavy metals (Cu, Co, Ni, and Zn).

Enhancement of the productivity of the potent bacteriocin avicin A and improvement of its stability using nanotechnology approaches.

Herein, enhancements of the yield and antimicrobial activity duration of the bacteriocin avicin A were accomplished using fractional factorial design (FFD) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles. Firstly, potential factors affecting bacteriocin production were selected for preliminary study. By a 2 FFD, high pH was shown to have a positive effect on avicin A yield, while temperature and duration of incubation, as well as peptone nitrogen sources all had negative effects.

Carriage frequency, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dental health-care personnel, patients, and environment.

There is limited data on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in dental clinics. 1300 specimens from patients, health personnel, and environmental surfaces of a dental clinic in Egypt were tested for MRSA. Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, SCCmec typing, and PCR-based assays were used to detect mecA, mecC, vanA, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) genes.

Nanotechnology: A Valuable Strategy to Improve Bacteriocin Formulations.

Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antibacterial compounds, produced by diverse bacteria, which have been successfully used as: (i) food biopreservative; (ii) anti-biofilm agents; and (iii) additives or alternatives to the currently existing antibiotics, to minimize the risk of emergence of resistant strains. However, there are several limitations that challenge the use of bacteriocins as biopreservatives/antibacterial agents. One of the most promising avenues to overcome these limitations is the use of nanoformulations.

Effects of Selected Egyptian Honeys on the Cellular Ultrastructure and the Gene Expression Profile of Escherichia coli.

The purpose of this study was to: (i) evaluate the antibacterial activities of three Egyptian honeys collected from different floral sources (namely, citrus, clover, and marjoram) against Escherichia coli; (ii) investigate the effects of these honeys on bacterial ultrastructure; and (iii) assess the anti-virulence potential of these honeys, by examining their impacts on the expression of eight selected genes (involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and stress survival) in the test organism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the honey samples against E. coli ATCC 8739 were assessed by the broth microdilution assay in the presence and absence of catalase enzyme.

Evaluation of a modified Pulpotec endodontic approach on necrotic primary molars: a one-year follow-up.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Pulpotec modified endodontic approach on primary molars presenting necrotic pulp and furcation bone loss in a cohort of healthy children.

Materials And Methods: Forty primary necrotic molars in healthy children, aged between 4 and 6 years underwent clinical and radiological assessment. A chemomechanical removal of pulpal necrotic debris was performed with 1% sodium hypochlorite irrigation.

Nuclear trafficking, histone cleavage and induction of apoptosis by the meningococcal App and MspA autotransporters.

Neisseria meningitidis, a major cause of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia, secretes multiple virulence factors, including the adhesion and penetration protein (App) and meningococcal serine protease A (MspA). Both are conserved, immunogenic, type Va autotransporters harbouring S6-family serine endopeptidase domains. Previous work suggested that both could mediate adherence to human cells, but their precise contribution to meningococcal pathogenesis was unclear.

Evaluation of different microtiter plate-based methods for the quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Aim: To quantitatively assess Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Materials & Methods: In addition to the qualitative Congo red agar (CRA) method, we used the bioluminescence (BLM), safranine (SAF), crystal violet (CRV) and resazurin (RES) high-throughput microtiter plate-based quantitative assays.

Results: 60.