Sustainable and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm empty fruit bunch.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have received great research attention since the last few decades due to their extraordinary properties and wide range of applications. In this study, a sustainable and cost-effective method for the synthesis of lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals (LCNC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is presented. This method is able to retain the lignin in EFB and manifest the properties of lignin.

Sustainability assessment of Indonesian cement manufacturing via integrated life cycle assessment and analytical hierarchy process method.

Cement is a vital material used in the construction of concrete buildings. World annual cement demand is increasing rapidly along with the improvement in infrastructure development. However, cement manufacturing industries are facing challenges in reducing the environmental impacts of cement production.