: a possible weapon for controlling dengue in Nepal.

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infectious disease, causes a high morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In Nepal, the first case of dengue was reported in 2004 followed by frequent outbreaks in subsequent years, with the largest being in 2019 taking the death toll of six. It is reported that the number of dengue fever cases are soaring in Nepal spreading from the plains to more hilly regions.

Angle Closure Glaucoma in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Background: Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) whether primary or secondary lens induced has rare occurrence in cases with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Method: Five patients with history of diminished vision, ocular pain, and nyctalopia were clinically evaluated. Four patients had unilateral presentations of circumciliary congestion, corneal edema, and high intraocular pressure (IOP), while one had bilateral presentation, respectively.

Study on biodegradation kinetics of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by newly isolated halotolerant Ochrobactrum anthropi strain L1-W.

Objective: Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) pollution is one of the major environmental concerns all over the world. This research aimed at studying the biodegradation kinetics of DEHP by a newly isolated bacterial strain. Water and sediment samples were collected from Wuhan South Lake and potent bacterial isolates were screened for DEHP degradation, characterized by biochemical, physiological, morphological and 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and optimized under suitable pH, temperature, NaCl and DEHP concentrations.

Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis with Hypokalemia in an Adult Male from Nepal: A Case Report.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is rare complication of hyperthyroidism characterized by the sudden onset of hypokalemia and muscle paralysis. It is typically present in young Asian males. There are very few literatures regarding the occurrence of thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis in Nepal.

Screening and Optimization of Newly Isolated Thermotolerant Lysinibacillus fusiformis Strain SK for Protease and Antifungal Activity.

The current study was designed to isolate, identify and characterize a Bacillus sp. capable of producing protease and exhibiting antifungal activity. A highly potent bacterium capable of producing protease abundantly was isolated from the soil collected from the waste pit near Microbiology Laboratory of Birendra Multiple Campus, Bharatpur and later on identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain SK on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing techniques.

Disseminated infection with in a patient under steroid therapy.

Corticosteroid recipients with lung infections should be suspected of having nocardiosis; however, nocardiosis can easily mimic malignancy, tuberculosis, or fungal infection. Though cultural identification is possible, it might be missed due to its slow growth pattern..

The Future of Careers at the Intersection of Climate Change and Public Health: What Can Job Postings and an Employer Survey Tell Us?

Climate change is acknowledged to be a major risk to public health. Skills and competencies related to climate change are becoming a part of the curriculum at schools of public health and are now a competency required by schools in Europe and Australia. However, it is unclear whether graduates of public health programs focusing on climate change are in demand in the current job market.

Presence of toxic metals in rice with human health hazards in Tangail district of Bangladesh.

Rice is the staple food of Bangladeshi people and is consumed at least twice a day. Thus, the presence of toxic metals in rice grains has become a major public health concern in Bangladesh. The present research was conducted to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals in rice grains and their possible human health risks in the Tangail district of Bangladesh.

Measuring fidelity, feasibility, costs: an implementation evaluation of a cluster-controlled trial of group antenatal care in rural Nepal.

Background: Access to high-quality antenatal care services has been shown to be beneficial for maternal and child health. In 2016, the WHO published evidence-based recommendations for antenatal care that aim to improve utilization, quality of care, and the patient experience. Prior research in Nepal has shown that a lack of social support, birth planning, and resources are barriers to accessing services in rural communities.

Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Background: The clinical picture in cirrhosis is dominated by the classical complications such as ascites, bleeding varices, portal hypertension and encephalopathy. Cardiac dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis, which contributes significantly to the morbidity and, mortality though prevalent, is less studied and not widely recognized entity since it is largely asymptomatic at rest, with overt heart failure seen mainly during pharmacological stress, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, liver transplantation.

Methods: It is a cross sectional study done on patients admitted in wards or attending to outpatient department of Liver unit, Bir Hospital, between May 2015 to May 2016.

The power of peers: an effectiveness evaluation of a cluster-controlled trial of group antenatal care in rural Nepal.

Background: Reducing the maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births globally is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. Approximately 830 women die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications every day. Almost 99% of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Depression, Alcohol Use, Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and HIV Status among HIV-infected from Multiple Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics in Nepal.

Background Depression and alcohol use disorder are very common among people living with HIV infection, these disorders are not only common among HIV patients but also associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) non adherence, morbidity and mortality. Objective The objective of our study is to study the prevalence of Depression, Alcohol use, and ART treatment adherence. Method This is a analytical cross-sectional study.

Growth of Complex 2D Material-Based Structures with Naturally Formed Contacts.

The difficulty of processing two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials into working devices with any scalability is one of the largest impediments to capitalizing on their industrial promise. Here, we describe a versatile, simple, and scalable technique to directly grow self-contacted thin-film materials over a range of TMDs (MoS, MoSe, WS, and WSe), where predeposited bulk metallic contacts serve as the nucleation site for the TMD material to grow, forming naturally contacted device structures in a single step. The conditions for growth as well as optical and physical properties are reported.

Multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli and Salmonella on raw vegetable salads served at hotels and restaurants in Bharatpur, Nepal.

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance among the bacteria present in ready-to-eat foods like vegetable salads is an emerging concern today. The current study was undertaken to investigate the presence of multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and Salmonella spp.

Use of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic in an Inpatient Unit of a Community Teaching Hospital.

Background: Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) often experience significant impairment in educational, occupational, and psychosocial functioning. The clinical benefit of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in the management of patients with SSD is well established. SSD patients who are nonadherent to treatment have lower disease relapse and readmission rates when prescribed a LAI, compared to oral antipsychotics.

A Case Study of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome-Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS-TEN) Overlap in -Associated Tracheobronchitis.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a medical emergency which is characterized by skin and mucosal reaction to the use of certain drugs. Atypical Steven-Johnson syndrome can occur due to various microorganisms and being one of them. We present a clinical course, diagnosis, and successful management of Steven-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS-TEN) overlap due to in a 17-year-old Nepalese female.

A Study of Surgical Cases During Earthquake Disaster in A Medical College.

Introduction: An earthquake is an intense shaking of earth's surface which is caused by movements in earth's outermost layer. The earthquake of 25th April 2015, with a magnitude of 7.8 richter scale with its major aftershock on 12th May 2015 of 7.

Prevalence of Color Blindness in Undergraduates of Kathmandu University.

Introduction: Color blindness is X-linked recessive inherited disorder that occurs mostly in males and is transmitted through females. Many people with color blindness may remain undetected. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the incidence of color blindness among undergraduates of Kathmandu University.

Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD: A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples.

Objective: Neuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although nonreplications are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related to ADHD using large-scale studies.

Methods: Cortical thickness and surface area (based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects with ADHD (N=2,246) and control subjects (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD, a consortium of 36 centers.

Amlodipine-Induced Pedal Edema and Its Relation to Other Variables in Patients at a Tertiary Level Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.

Vasodilatory edema is a frequently encountered side effect among hypertensive patients using antihypertensive drugs. This dose-dependent adverse effect is seen more commonly with amlodipine, so low-dose combination therapy is often used and preferred in practice. Pedal edema following use of amlodipine is scarcely studied in Nepalese population so far.