Newborn morbidities and care procedures at the special newborn care units of Gandaki Province, Nepal: a retrospective study.

Background: Despite recent improvements in the overall health status of Nepal's population, newborn morbidities and mortalities have remained a challenge. This study explores the situation and care strategies for newborn health problems in the Gandaki Province of Nepal.

Methods: This is a retrospective hospital records analysis.

Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid and nano titanium dioxide on the immune response and energy allocation in Mytilus coruscus.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) functions as a surfactant, while nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO) serves as an antibacterial agent. These substances are extensively utilized in industrial production and, upon release into aquatic environments, pose significant threats to the viability and development of marine organisms. However, research into the effects of PFOA and nano-TiO on the immune functions and cellular energy allocation (CEA) of bivalves remains limited.

A Rare Case of Primary Vulvar Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Primary vulvar diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a diagnostically challenging malignant tumor due to its low incidence and diverse clinical presentations. It has a good prognosis and is usually radio-chemotherapy-responsive. This case report emphasizes considering lymphoma as a differential in vulvar inflammatory conditions.

Intergenerational impact of drought and famine on health systems in developing countries - symposium proceedings.

The 2024 edition of the One Health symposium explored the intergenerational health impacts of drought and famine in developing countries, with a focus on innovative strategies for resilience-building in healthcare infrastructures. Organized by students of the CIH Center for International Health at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, the event convened experts and participants from diverse backgrounds to address the urgent challenges posed by climate change-induced crises. Through presentations, panel discussions, and collaborative exchanges, the symposium underscored the profound health and socioeconomic implications of climate-related disasters, emphasizing the need for cross-sectoral cooperation and transformative action.

Effect of the irregular shelterwood system on soil organic carbon stock and soil quality of Gaertn. f. forest in Nepal.

The effective management of forests relies on the crucial role played bysilvicultural systems. However there exist a significant knowledge gap regarding impact of these systems in Nepalese forests. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the effects of the forest management activities under irregular shelterwood system on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and the overall soil quality of Sal ( Gaertn.

Burden of tobacco-related cancers in urban, semi-urban and rural setting of Nepal: Findings from population-based cancer registries 2019.

Background: Nepal is one of the high prevalent countries for tobacco use in Southeast Asia regions. Tobacco related cancer share the major burden since a decade, however, population-based estimates is still lacking. This study provides results from population-based cancer registries on tobacco-related cancer (TRCs) burden in Nepal.

Perfluorooctanoate and nano titanium dioxide impair the byssus performance of the mussel Mytilus coruscus.

Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is widely used as a surfactant and has metabolic, immunologic, developmental, and genetic toxicity on marine organisms. However, the effects of PFOA on individual defense functions in mussels in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO) are poorly understood. To investigate the defense strategies and regulatory mechanisms of mussels under combined stressors, the thick-shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed to different PFOA concentrations (0, 2 and 200 μg/L) and nano-TiO (0 and 0.

Demographic Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Pediatric intensive care provides better observation as well as an intensive treatment, which helps to cure, support, and provide better outcomes for sick children. This study aimed to describe the demographic profile and the outcome of PICU patients, and evaluate the relationship of diagnostic categories with treatment and outcome.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a six-bedded PICU from 1 March 2021 to 1 March 2022.

Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in health and social policies in Nepal: A scoping review and synthesis.

Aims: National policies can be used to reveal structural stigma and discrimination in relation to mental health. This review assesses how structural stigma and discrimination are manifested in the policies and legislations of Government of Nepal.

Methods: Scoping review methodology was followed to review policy documents (acts of parliament, legislation, policies, strategies, guidelines and official directives) drafted or amended after 2010.

Disseminated cysticercosis with tongue involvement: a rare case report from Nepal.

Introduction And Importance: Cysticercosis is a condition in which humans are infected by the larval form of the pork tapeworm . Cysticercosis in humans is common in the cerebral tissue but rare in the tongue.

Case Presentation: Here, the authors report a rare case of a 38-year-old male with neurocysticercosis and cysticercosis of the tongue.

Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. NiV is a biosafety-level-4 pathogen that is mostly spread by Pteropus species, which serve as its natural reservoir host. NiV is one of the major public health challenges in South and South East Asia.

Feasibility of implementing public-private mix approach for tuberculosis case management in Pokhara Metropolitan City of western Nepal: a qualitative study.

Background: The Public-Private Mix (PPM) approach is a strategic initiative that involves engaging all private and public health care providers in the fight against tuberculosis using international health care standards. For tuberculosis control in Nepal, the PPM approach could be a milestone. This study aimed to explore the barriers to a public-private mix approach in the management of tuberculosis cases in Nepal.

Assessing Impact of Health Education in Improving Knowledge of Children on Child Sexual Abuse.

Background: Every year, millions of children around the world face sexual abuse and exploitation. Sexual and reproductive health education is an important form of health promotion action against it. This study aims to assess the impact of health education program in improving knowledge of the children on child sexual abuse.

The Epidemiology of COVID-19 by Race/Ethnicity in Oklahoma City-County, Oklahoma (12 March 2020-31 May 2021).

We aimed to better understand the racially-/ethnically-specific COVID-19-related outcomes, with respect to time, to respond more effectively to emerging variants. Surveillance data from Oklahoma City-County (12 March 2020-31 May 2021) were used to summarize COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and COVID-19 vaccination status by racial/ethnic group and ZIP code. We estimated racially-/ethnically-specific daily hospitalization rates, the proportion of cases hospitalized, and disease odds ratios (OR) adjusting for sex, age, and the presence of at least one comorbidity.

Does the Roll-off Angle Depend on Work of Adhesion?

The roll-off angle of hexadecane droplets was measured on a family of nearly ideal surfaces having similar structures but different interfacial free energies. The variation in interfacial energy was reflected in the contact angles of hexadecane, which provide a measure of the work of adhesion. The hysteresis in the contact angle on these surfaces was low and approximately constant, thereby approximately removing it as a variable and allowing for an assessment of any dependence of the roll-off angle on work of adhesion directly.

Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in Nepal: a multicenter, prospective cohort study.

Introduction: There is limited data on clinical course and outcomes of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in Nepal. Thus, it is imperative to characterize the features of this disease in the domestic context.

Methodology: We identified all adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to five different hospitals in Nepal from June 15 to July 15, 2020.

Characterization of persons with reported SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Oklahoma City tri-county area: Evidence from the first 12 months of transmission.

Background: To describe characteristics, hospitalization, and death for reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Oklahoma City tri-county area.

Methods: We extracted notified cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection for our study area and used descriptive statistics and modeling to examine case characteristics and calculate the odds of hospitalization and death in relation to a range of explanatory variables.

Results: Between March 12th, 2020 and February 28th, 2021, 124,925 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported from the study region.

Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitosis among Private School-Going Pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City, Nepal.

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are most common and prevalent among children and accounts for great morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This research is aimed at studying the prevalence and related risk factors of parasitic infections among private school-going pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City.

Methods And Materials: This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study conducted from 13 November 2018 to 26 February 2019 among 400 private school pupils.

Differences in cancer incidence and pattern between urban and rural Nepal: one-year experience from two population-based cancer registries.

Variations in cancer incidence, mortality and pattern exist in rural and urban areas. Understanding these differences helps in developing targeted cancer prevention and control strategies. However, no previous studies have explored the differences in cancer demographics between the rural and urban areas of Nepal.

Population structure of Nepali spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm.

Background: Appropriate information about genetic diversity and population structure of germplasm improves the efficiency of plant breeding. The low productivity of Nepali bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major concern particularly since Nepal is ranked the 4th most vulnerable nation globally to climate change.

Recent Progress in Germplasm Evaluation and Gene Mapping to Enable Breeding of Drought-Tolerant Wheat.

There is a need to increase wheat productivity to meet the food demands of the ever-growing human population. However, accelerated development of high yielding varieties is hindered by drought, which is worsening due to climate change. In this context, germplasm diversity is central to the development of drought-tolerant wheat.

A Physio-Morphological Trait-Based Approach for Breeding Drought Tolerant Wheat.

In the past, there have been drought events in different parts of the world, which have negatively influenced the productivity and production of various crops including wheat ( L.), one of the world's three important cereal crops. Breeding new high yielding drought-tolerant wheat varieties is a research priority specifically in regions where climate change is predicted to result in more drought conditions.

Integrating adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and high throughput in vitro assays for better risk evaluations, a study with drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

The emergence of high throughput in vitro assays has the potential to significantly improve toxicological evaluations and lead to more efficient, accurate, and less animal-intensive testing. However, directly using all available in vitro assays in a model is usually impractical and inefficient. On the other hand, mechanistic knowledge has always been critical for toxicological evaluations and should not be ignored even with the increasing availability of data.

Byproduct-Free Route to Aminosiloxane Monolayers on Silicon/Silicon Dioxide.

The chemisorption of N-methyl-aza-2,2,4-trimethylsilacyclopentane from either the solution or the vapor phase produces monolayer films on silicon (oxide) substrates. The formation of a covalent siloxane linkage to the surface by this adsorbate is accompanied by ring opening, which produces no byproduct. The resulting secondary amine reacts with maleic anhydride to produce a carboxylic acid-terminated surface, accompanied by the formation of a stable amide bond.