Design and computational evaluation of a novel multi-epitope hybrid vaccine against monkeypox virus: Potential targets and immunogenicity assessment for pandemic preparedness.

Monkeypox is a type of DNA-enveloped virus that belongs to the orthopoxvirus family, closely related to the smallpox virus. It can cause an infectious disease in humans known as monkeypox disease. Although there are multiple drugs and vaccines designed to combat orthopoxvirus infections, with a primary focus on smallpox, the recent spread of the monkeypox virus to over 50 countries have ignited a mounting global concern.

Medical students' attitudes towards the clinical importance of embryology.

Objective: To identify the attitudes of medical students towards the clinical importance of embryology.

Methods: The cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from September to November 2019 at the private-sector Islam Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan, and comprised first and final year medical students. A validated questionnaire, consisting of 20 statements, was used to collect data.

Why do medical students forget anatomy later on? A qualitative study.

Objective: To explore medical students' perceptions of the factors contributing to retention of anatomy and its relevance to their clinical practice.

Methods: The qualitative study was conducted at Al Nafees Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan, in February 2017, and comprised final year students who appeared in a test of anatomy based on multiple choice questions. Six high achievers and six low achievers of the test were selected for in-depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING AS A STRATEGY TO FOSTER PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL REASONING SKILLS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS.

Background: Problem based learning (PBL) is an instructional approach that utilizes problems or cases as a context for students to acquire problem solving skills. It promotes communication skills, active learning, and critical thinking skills. It encourages peer teaching and active participation in a group.

Effects of immobilization on thickness of superficial zone of articular cartilage of patella in rats.

Background: Articular cartilage normally functions as a load-bearing resistant material in joints. Patella is composed of hyaline cartilage and spongy bone. Chondrocytes form only 1-5% volume of the articular cartilage.

Effects of immobilisation and re-mobilisation on superficial zone of articular cartilage of patella in rats.

Objective: To determine the staining grades and morphological changes in the cells of articular cartilage of patella on immobilisation and re-mobilisation in rats.

Methods: A total of 120 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of 30 animals. The study was done between July and December 2009.

To assess the levels of zinc in serum and changes in the lens of diabetic and senile cataract patients.

Objective: To assess the levels of zinc in serum and changes in the lens of diabetic and senile cataract patients

Methods: A comparative cross sectional study was done at LRBT (Layton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust) free eye hospital Mandra from July 2010 to August 2010. Twenty Type 2 diabetic patients with cataracts and 20 patients without diabetes of senile cataract were included in the study. Glucose levels were determined by glucose oxidase method and zinc levels measured by colorimeteric method (RANDOX).

Classification of suprascapular notch according to anatomical measurements in human scapulae.

The objective of this study was to measure the maximum superior and inferior lengths of the suprascapular notch with the help of a Vernier caliper and to classify the notches accordingly into four types. This is an observational study, conducted from January to December 2009 at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi. Two hundred and fifty dried human scapulae were procured and measured irrespective of age, gender, race, and sidedness.