Treatment response and recurrence of conjunctival melanoma with orbital invasion treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: case report and literature review.

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) has genetic characteristics that are similar to primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM). The management of advanced CM with orbital metastasis was limited until the adoption of novel immunotherapy agents that significantly improved the survival of metastatic PCM.

Purpose: To review and compare the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment response in cases reported in the English literature with orbital involvement secondary to CM versus PCM.

Thyroid eye disease in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: clinical profile and correlation with vitamin D deficiency.

Purpose: To obtain clinical data about disease activity and severity of thyroid eye disease (TED) in a tertiary eye hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and to correlate this data with vitamin D levels.

Methods: A clinical observational study was conducted in a specialized eye hospital in Saudi Arabia. It included prospective enrollment of Saudi patients with confirmed TED to evaluate activity and severity according to Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO), respectively, and also for blood investigation, including thyroid profile and vitamin D levels.

Unilateral Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction, Is It An Amblyogenic Factor?

Background/aims: To evaluate the refractive status, axial length, and prevalence of amblyopia among Saudi children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (UCNLDO) compared to the unaffected fellow eye.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for children with UCNLDO at two eye institutes in Eastern Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2015. The outcomes of syringing determined UNCLDO.