Dual structure on-demand release chitosan-based coating film for peach preservation.

After harvest, fruits and vegetables go through the stages of storage, transportation and sales, and how to regulate the role of preservative in different stages is an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, chitosan-stearic acid is synthesized, then interacting with trans-2-hexenal (E2H) to prepare nanoclusters. Subsequently, the temperature-sensitive liposomes were designed to encase E2H by using the special temperature-responsive open-chain phospholipids, and then combined with chitosan to obtain chitosan-based coating film for peach preservation.

Liposome/chitosan coating film bioplastic packaging for Litchi fruit preservation.

Chitosan is an ideal coating film for food preservation, but the performance of a single chitosan coating film is not good. Herein, the liposome was prepared by embedding copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and thyme essential oil (TEO) in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic double-domain structure formed by phospholipids, and combining with chitosan to obtain a chitosan-based coating film for litchi preservation. The liposome was well-dispersed and stable with an average particle size of about 190 nm.

PfERF106, a novel key transcription factor regulating the biosynthesis of floral terpenoids in Primula forbesii Franch.

Background: Flowers can be a source of essential oils used in the manufacture of substances with high economic value. The ethylene response factor (ERF) gene family plays a key role in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. However, until now, little has been known about the involvement of ERF transcription factors (TFs) in floral terpenoid biosynthesis.

Mitigating Ni and Cu ecotoxicity in the ecological restoration material and ornamental Primula forbesii Franch. with exogenous 24-epibrassinolide and melatonin.

Nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) contamination have become major threats to plant survival worldwide. 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBR) and melatonin (MT) have emerged as valuable treatments to alleviate heavy metal-induced phytotoxicity. However, plants have not fully demonstrated the potential mechanisms by which these two hormones act under Ni and Cu stress.

Transcriptomics analyses reveal the key genes involved in stamen petaloid formation in Alcea rosea L.

Alcea rosea L. is a traditional flower with a long cultivation history. It is extensively cultivated in China and is widely planted in green belt parks or used as cut flowers and potted ornamental because of its rich colors and flower shapes.

Photothermal controlled antibacterial TaCT-AgNPs/nanocellulose bioplastic food packaging.

Uncontrolled antibacterial, insufficient barrier and low strength are the bottlenecks of food packaging applications. Herein, TaCT nanosheet as a template was used to prepare TaCT immobilized silver nanoparticles (TaCT-AgNPs), which was compounded with nanocellulose to obtain high-strength and high barrier controllable bactericidal nanocellulose-based bioplastic packaging (CTa-Ag). The results indicated that due to the hydrogen bonding between nanocellulose and TaCT, the bridging effect of QCS (quaternized chitosan) and the filling of TaCT-AgNPs, the CTa-Ag had tightly stacked microstructure, which endowed them with excellent mechanical properties (4.

Visitor preferences in rural gastronomic tourism environment and the related design implications.

Since COVID-19, people have suffered tremendous impacts in all aspects of their lives and work, with subtle changes in their environment preferences. The rural areas, with their natural green space, low density, and leisurely habitat, have played an important role after the pandemic and are widely favored by people. Research on rural environments after COVID-19 has received much attention.

Effects of Artificial Light at Night on Fitness-Related Traits of Sea Urchin ().

Limited data are available regarding the effects of elevated coastal artificial light at night (ALAN) on intertidal echinoderms. In this study, we investigated the behavioral, morphological, and physiological responses of the sea urchin () after continuous exposure to ALAN at light intensities of 0.1, 300, and 600 Lux for 6 weeks.

Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Aroma Terpeniods Biosynthesis Pathways of Franch. and the Functional Characterization of the Gene.

Franch. is a unique biennial herb with a strong floral fragrance, making it an excellent material for studying the aroma characteristics of the genus . The floral scent is an important ornamental trait that facilitates fertilization.

Ultrasonic-assisted glycosylation with κ-carrageenan on the functional and structural properties of fish gelatin.

Background: Fish gelatin (FG) has multifunctional properties similar to mammalian gelatin (MG), and it has been recognized as the optimal alternative to MG. While its poor surface-active and gelling properties significantly limit its application values, glycosylation has been successfully used to increase surface-active properties of FG, but the influence of ultrasonic-associated glycosylation (UAG) on the gelling and structural characteristics of FG is still rarely reported. This article explores UAG (100-200 W, 0.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Glycosylation with Glucose on the Functional and Structural Properties of Fish Gelatin.

The effects of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation (UG) with glucose (GLU) on the emulsifying properties, foaming properties, gelling properties, and structural properties of fish gelatin (FG) were investigated. It was shown that UG with high power and a long duration facilitated the Maillard reaction through the reduction of the free amino acid contents. UG significantly improved the emulsifying ability index and foaming capacity of FG whilst decreasing the gel strength.

Microwave processing technology influences the functional and structural properties of fish gelatin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of microwave processing technology (MPT, 240-800 W, 1 and 4 min) on the functional and structural properties of fish gelatin (FG). It showed that MPT could increase gel strength and texture properties of FG, especially for 240 W. MPT greatly increased emulsifying activity index (EAI) of FG, but decreased its emulsion stability index (ESI).

Interaction between Negatively Charged Fish Gelatin and Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solution: Characteristics and Formation Mechanism.

The effect that ratios of fish gelatin (FG) to α/β/γ cyclodextrins (α, β, γCDs) had on the phase behavior of a concentrated biopolymer mixture were comparatively investigated. This showed that the formed biopolymer mixture had the highest gel strength at ratios of FG-CD = 90:10. FG could interact with CDs to form stable soluble complexes with lower values of turbidity, particle size and ζ-potential.

Switchable Cobalt-Catalyzed α-Olefination and α-Alkylation of Nitriles with Primary Alcohols.

The first switchable α-olefination and α-alkylation of nitriles with primary alcohols catalyzed by a well-defined base transition-metal Co complex was presented. A broad variety of nitriles and primary alcohols are selectively and efficiently converted to the corresponding products by this method. It is noteworthy that the transformation is environmentally benign and atom efficient with H and HO being the sole byproducts.

α-Alkylation of Nitriles with Primary Alcohols by a Well-Defined Molecular Cobalt Catalyst.

The α-alkylation of nitriles with primary alcohols to selectively synthesize nitriles by a well-defined molecular homogeneous cobalt catalyst is presented. Thirty-two examples with up to 95% yield are reported. Remarkably, this transformation is environmentally friendly and atom economical with water as the only byproduct.

Selective Ketone Formations via Cobalt-Catalyzed β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols.

A homogeneous cobalt-catalyzed β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols to selectively synthesize ketones via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling is reported for the first time. Notably, this transformation is environmentally benign and atom economical with water and hydrogen gas as the only byproducts.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols to Esters.

A novel catalytic system with a tripodal cobalt complex is developed for efficiently converting primary alcohols to esters. KO Bu is found essential to the transformation. A preliminary mechanistic study suggests a plausible reaction route that involves an initial Co-catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohol to aldehyde, followed by a Tishchenko-type pathway to ester mediated by KO Bu.

Tripodal N,P Mixed-Donor Ligands and Their Cobalt Complexes: Efficient Catalysts for Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Secondary Alcohols.

A new tetradentate tripodal ligand, PPPNPy, and the cobalt complexes were synthesized and characterized. The well-defined cobalt complexes efficiently catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols into ketones.

Acid-facilitated product release from a Mo(IV) center: relevance to oxygen atom transfer reactivity of molybdenum oxotransferases.

We report that pyridinium ions (HPyr) accelerate the conversion of [Tp*MoOCl(OPMe)] (1) to [Tp*MoOCl(NCCH)] (2) by 10-fold, affording 2 in near-quantitative yield; Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate. This novel reactivity and the mechanism of this reaction were investigated in detail. The formation of 2 followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant (k ) linearly correlated with [HPyr].

Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylation of Aromatic Aldehydes.

We report here the first systematic study of nickel-catalyzed decarbonylation of aromatic aldehydes under relatively mild conditions. Aldehydes with electron donating groups at para and ortho positions are generally successful with our method. For aldehydes with electron-withdrawing groups, significantly higher yields were achieved for ortho-substituted substrates than para ones, probably due to the effects of steric hindrance or electron donors at the ortho position to suppress the Tishchenko reaction, an undesirable side reaction toward homocoupled esters.

Three polymorphs of an inclusion compound of 2,2'-(disulfanediyl)dibenzoic acid and trimethylamine.

Polymorphism is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure and this is of interest in the fields of crystal engineering and solid-state chemistry. 2,2'-(Disulfanediyl)dibenzoic acid (also called 2,2'-dithiosalicylic acid, DTSA) is able to form different hydrogen bonds using its carboxyl groups. The central bridging S atoms allow the two terminal arene rings to rotate freely to generate various hydrogen-bonded linking modes.

Acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by a GII.6 norovirus.

Aim: To report an acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by a genogroup 2 genotype 6 (GII.6) strain norovirus in Shanghai, China.

Methods: Noroviruses are responsible for approximately half of all reported gastroenteritis outbreaks in many countries.

Analysis of bacterial pathogens causing acute diarrhea on the basis of sentinel surveillance in Shanghai, China, 2006-2011.

Acute diarrhea is the most common infectious disease worldwide and its causes vary from one region to another. We aimed to analyze the spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of pathogens from 22,386 outpatients with acute diarrhea on the basis of surveillance data from Shanghai, China, during 2006-2011. The following 8 pathogens were isolated and identified using standard methods: Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, V.

Mixed-valent dicobalt and iron-cobalt complexes with high-spin configurations and short metal-metal bonds.

Cobalt-cobalt and iron-cobalt bonds are investigated in coordination complexes with formally mixed-valent [M2](3+) cores. The trigonal dicobalt tris(diphenylformamidinate) compound, Co2(DPhF)3, which was previously reported by Cotton, Murillo, and co-workers (Inorg. Chim.