Navigated versus conventionally instrumented total knee arthroplasty techniques: No difference in functional alignment or balance.

Purpose: Much debate exists about the superiority of navigated versus conventional instrumentation for achieving optimal balance and alignment during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Recent registry data indicate no long-term survivorship benefit for TKAs performed using technology assistance, despite the added resource and financial costs. However, outcome comparisons are confounded by varying surgeon techniques and targets for ideal balance and alignment.

Evaluating Online YouTube Videos for Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy Patient Education.

Cervical cancer remains the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, with brachytherapy an important modality of treatment. Patients often rely on YouTube for cancer-related information, yet few studies have evaluated these videos. This study aims to describe and evaluate YouTube videos available to patients relating to cervical cancer brachytherapy.

Conventionally instrumented inverse kinematic alignment for total knee arthroplasty: How is it done?

Purpose: For primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is an increasing trend towards patient-specific alignment strategies such as kinematic alignment (KA) and inverse kinematic alignment (iKA), which by restoring native joint mechanics may yield higher patient satisfaction rates. Second, the most recent Australian joint registry report describes favourable revision rates for conventionally instrumented TKA compared to technology-assisted techniques such as those using navigation, robotics or custom-cutting blocks. The aim of this technique article is to describe in detail a surgical technique for TKA that: (1) utilises the principles of iKA and (2) uses conventionally instrumented guided resections thereby avoiding the use of navigation, robotics or custom blocks.

Inverse kinematic total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation restores constitutional coronal alignment.

Purpose: Restricted inverse kinematic alignment (iKA) is a contemporary alignment strategy for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), commonly performed with robotic assistance. While superior clinical results are reported for kinematic-type alignment strategies, registry data indicate no survivorship benefit for navigation or robotic assistance. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of an instrumented, restricted iKA technique for achieving patient-specific alignment.

Approach to Acute Traumatic and Nontraumatic Diaphragmatic Abnormalities.

Acute diaphragmatic abnormalities encompass a broad variety of relatively uncommon and underdiagnosed pathologic conditions, which can be subdivided into nontraumatic and traumatic entities. Nontraumatic abnormalities range from congenital hernia to spontaneous rupture, endometriosis-related disease, infection, paralysis, eventration, and thoracoabdominal fistula. Traumatic abnormalities comprise both blunt and penetrating injuries.

'I feel more part of the world': Participatory action research to develop post-diagnostic dementia support.

Many people living with dementia are 'on the margins', not accessing services and support, despite policy and care advancements. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this, with the closure of face-to-face support during lockdowns in the UK and globally. The aim of the 'Beyond the Margins' project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a face-face programme of support with, by and for people with direct experience of dementia who are on the margins of existing services and support.

De novo urethral stricture disease in renal transplant recipients.

Introduction: With routine catheterization and low urine output pre-transplant, renal transplant recipients (RTRs) may be at risk of urethral stricture disease post-transplant. The objective of this study was to characterize new urethral stricture disease in males following renal transplant.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out on all male RTRs at Vancouver General Hospital who developed urethral strictures from October 2009-2019.

Autonomy lessons: Tips and tricks for building self-determination through the lens of a first time principal investigator.

Early career faculty face many challenges, including establishing a career direction, building skills, balancing work and personal life demands, finding mentors, and establishing collegial relationships within their departments. Early career funding has been shown to augment future success in academia; less is known about the impact of early career funding on the social, emotional, and professional identity aspects of work life. One theoretical perspective to examine this issue is self-determination theory, a broad psychological paradigm explaining motivation, well-being, and development.

The Role of Patient and Parent Education in Pediatric Cast Complications.

Cast immobilization remains the standard of care in managing pediatric fractures. Cast complications often result in emergency department visits, office calls and visits, or lasting patient morbidities that burden the healthcare institution from a time and economic standpoint. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to create a multimodal cast care education protocol with an aim of decreasing cast complications over a 6-week period.

Clinically relevant T cell expansion media activate distinct metabolic programs uncoupled from cellular function.

expansion conditions used to generate T cells for immunotherapy are thought to adopt metabolic phenotypes that impede therapeutic efficacy . The comparison of five different culture media used for clinical T cell expansion revealed unique optima based on different output variables, including proliferation, differentiation, function, activation, and mitochondrial phenotypes. The extent of proliferation and function depended on the culture media rather than stimulation conditions.

Awareness, Utilization, and Preferences of Harm Reduction Interventions among Street-Involved Young Adults in Boston.

Objectives: This study explores knowledge and utilization of, barriers to, and preferences for harm reduction services among street-involved young adults (YA) in Boston, Massachusetts.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey of YA encountered between November and December 2019 by a longstanding outreach program for street-involved YA. We report descriptive statistics on participant-reported substance use, knowledge and utilization of harm reduction strategies, barriers to harm reduction services and treatment, and preferences for harm reduction service delivery.

Multimodal correlative imaging and modelling of phosphorus uptake from soil by hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi.

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) aid its uptake by acquiring P from sources distant from roots in return for carbon. Little is known about how AMF colonise soil pore-space, and models of AMF-enhanced P-uptake are poorly validated.

Physician Assistant Students' Perceptions and Competencies Concerning Lifestyle Medicine.

Purpose: With nearly two-thirds of chronic disease attributed to lifestyle, there is a need for physician assistants (PA) to develop competencies in Lifestyle Medicine (LM). The purpose of this study was to assess PA students' skill competencies in exercise and dietary prescription to guide curriculum implementation efforts.

Methods: An online survey was administered to PA students at a single institution.

Bernoulli-Assisted Percutaneous Removal of an Intra-articular Foreign Body: A Case Report.

Case: A 4-year-old child presented with an intra-articular broken sewing needle in her knee. It was removed arthroscopically using a spinal needle percutaneously placed posterior to the tibia in line with the long axis of the sewing needle. The stylet was partially withdrawn to allow the sewing needle to lay within the spinal needle hollow.

Harm Reduction for Adolescents and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Community Care in Reach.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the ability of harm reduction programs to provide vital services to adolescents, young adults, and people who use drugs, thereby increasing the risk of overdose, infection, withdrawal, and other complications of drug use. To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services for adolescents and young adults in Boston, we conducted a quantitative assessment of the Community Care in Reach (CCIR) youth pilot program to determine gaps in services created by its closure during the peak of the pandemic (March 19-June 21, 2020). We also conducted semistructured interviews with staff members at 6 harm reduction programs in Boston from April 27 through May 4, 2020, to identify gaps in harm reduction services, changes in substance use practices and patterns of engagement with people who use drugs, and how harm reduction programs adapted to pandemic conditions.

1-Methylnicotinamide is an immune regulatory metabolite in human ovarian cancer.

Immune regulatory metabolites are key features of the tumor microenvironment (TME), yet with a few exceptions, their identities remain largely unknown. Here, we profiled tumor and T cells from tumor and ascites of patients with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) to uncover the metabolomes of these distinct TME compartments. Cells within the ascites and tumor had pervasive metabolite differences, with a notable enrichment in 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) in T cells infiltrating the tumor compared with ascites.

Multi-scale tissue architecture analysis of favorable-risk prostate cancer: Correlation with biochemical recurrence.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) with biopsy-based grade group (GG) 1 or 2 characteristics has a favorable outcome, yet some cases still progress after radical prostatectomy and present with biochemical recurrence (BCR). We hypothesized that the multi-scale tissue architecture (MSTA) analysis score would correlate with the aggressive PCa phenotype and could be used as a tool for risk assessment to improve the management of patients with favorable-risk PCa.

Materials And Methods: MSTA was evaluated in needle-biopsy samples from 115 patients with favorable-risk PCa, as defined by GG1 and GG2, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of <10 ng/mL, a clinical stage of cT1c to cT2b, and general Gleason GG (GGG) and expert pathologist-assessed GG (EGG).

Educating physician-assistant students as agents of lifestyle medicine.

Background: The burden of chronic disease in the USA necessitates a shift in medicine and medical education from disease treatment to health and wellness promotion. At the forefront of this shift is the field of lifestyle medicine - the evidence-based use of lifestyle modification to prevent, treat and reverse disease. Health care providers, including physician assistants (PAs), can be the vehicle of behaviour change for patients, families and communities, and must receive adequate training to practice lifestyle medicine.

Stabilizing gold nanoparticles for use in X-ray computed tomography imaging of soil systems.

This investigation establishes a system of gold nanoparticles that show good colloidal stability as an X-ray computed tomography (XCT) contrast agent under soil conditions. Gold nanoparticles offer numerous beneficial traits for experiments in biology including: comparatively minimal phytotoxicity, X-ray attenuation of the material and the capacity for functionalization. However, soil salinity, acidity and surface charges can induce aggregation and destabilize gold nanoparticles, hence in biomedical applications polymer coatings are commonly applied to gold nanoparticles to enhance stability in the environment.

Soil carbon dioxide venting through rice roots.

The growth of rice in submerged soils depends on its ability to form continuous gas channels-aerenchyma-through which oxygen (O ) diffuses from the shoots to aerate the roots. Less well understood is the extent to which aerenchyma permits venting of respiratory carbon dioxide (CO ) in the opposite direction. Large, potentially toxic concentrations of dissolved CO develop in submerged rice soils.

Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences.

Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three-dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory. Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.

Determination of macro-scale soil properties from pore scale structures: image-based modelling of poroelastic structures.

We show how a combination of X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and image-based modelling can be used to calculate the effect of moisture content and compaction on the macroscopic structural properties of soil. Our method is based on the equations derived in Daly & Roose (2018 , 20170141. (doi:10.